化疗在癌症治疗中占据了关键的地位，尤其是对于术后、晚期、复发和转移性肿瘤。紫杉醇（PTX）基制剂广泛应用于临床实践，但其治疗效果远未令人满意，主要是由于非靶向毒性和药物耐药性的存在。这种无外壳的多组分制剂使制备技术变得复杂，并加剧了与辅料相关的毒性问题。自组装的PTX纳米粒子具有高药物含量，能够纳入各种功能分子以提高治疗指数。在本文中，我们总结了PTX多样纳米药物的自组装策略。随后，重点概述了用于肿瘤治疗的纳米药物的进展，尤其注重单一化疗、联合疗法和治疗诊断一体化。最后，简要概述了挑战和潜在改进的方向。© 2023 中国药学会和中国医学科学院药物研究所。出版和托管由Elsevier B.V.

Chemotherapy has occupied the critical position in cancer therapy, especially towards the post-operative, advanced, recurrent, and metastatic tumors. Paclitaxel (PTX)-based formulations have been widely used in clinical practice, while the therapeutic effect is far from satisfied due to off-target toxicity and drug resistance. The caseless multi-components make the preparation technology complicated and aggravate the concerns with the excipients-associated toxicity. The self-assembled PTX nanoparticles possess a high drug content and could incorporate various functional molecules for enhancing the therapeutic index. In this work, we summarize the self-assembly strategy for diverse nanodrugs of PTX. Then, the advancement of nanodrugs for tumor therapy, especially emphasis on mono-chemotherapy, combinational therapy, and theranostics, have been outlined. Finally, the challenges and potential improvements have been briefly spotlighted.© 2023 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.