免疫治疗最近作为一种治疗策略应运而生，它刺激人体免疫系统杀灭肿瘤细胞。肿瘤免疫治疗基于免疫编辑，它增强肿瘤细胞的抗原性，增加免疫细胞的抗肿瘤效果。它还抑制免疫抑制分子，激活或恢复免疫系统功能，增强抗肿瘤免疫应答，并抑制肿瘤细胞生长。这为三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）的病死率降低提供了可能性。近年来，TNBC的免疫治疗方法有所多样化，并在该实体的治疗上取得了突破。对免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）的研究使得识别不同分子亚型并制定个体化的免疫治疗方案成为可能。本综述突出了TNBC的独特肿瘤微环境，并整合和分析了ICIs疗法的进展。它还讨论了ICIs与化疗、放疗、靶向治疗以及纳米技术、核糖核酸疫苗和基因治疗等新兴治疗方法的组合策略。目前，许多进行中或已完成的临床试验正在探索将免疫治疗与现有治疗模式结合治疗TNBC的方法。这些研究的目标是评估各种联合免疫治疗方法的有效性，并确定对TNBC患者最有效的治疗方案。本综述揭示了克服免疫治疗中药物耐药性的方法，并探讨了在TNBC治疗中免疫治疗发展的方向。 ©2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.

Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a treatment strategy which stimulates the human immune system to kill tumor cells. Tumor immunotherapy is based on immune editing, which enhances the antigenicity of tumor cells and increases the tumoricidal effect of immune cells. It also suppresses immunosuppressive molecules, activates or restores immune system function, enhances anti-tumor immune responses, and inhibits the growth f tumor cell. This offers the possibility of reducing mortality in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).Immunotherapy approaches for TNBC have been diversified in recent years, with breakthroughs in the treatment of this entity. Research on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has made it possible to identify different molecular subtypes and formulate individualized immunotherapy schedules. This review highlights the unique tumor microenvironment of TNBC and integrates and analyzes the advances in ICI therapy. It also discusses strategies for the combination of ICIs with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and emerging treatment methods such as nanotechnology, ribonucleic acid vaccines, and gene therapy. Currently, numerous ongoing or completed clinical trials are exploring the utilization of immunotherapy in conjunction with existing treatment modalities for TNBC. The objective of these investigations is to assess the effectiveness of various combined immunotherapy approaches and determine the most effective treatment regimens for patients with TNBC.This review provides insights into the approaches used to overcome drug resistance in immunotherapy, and explores the directions of immunotherapy development in the treatment of TNBC.© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.