东南亚的猫肝吸虫Opisthorchis viverrini在引发胆管癌中扮演着关键角色。对其生命周期、分布、系统发育和种群遗传的全面了解至关重要，因为这些知识为未来围绕猫腹部及间壁感染和胆管癌的预防和控制计划的有效制定和建立提供了基础。本章提供了关于O. viverrini的基本生物学和更新的信息，包括宿主生命周期、通过生或半熟或发酵的淡水鲤鱼传播途径、流行区域和新疫点的发现的详细信息。还介绍和讨论了过去二十年来关于O. viverrini及其螺类中间宿主Bithynia spp.的系统发育和系统关系、遗传变异和种群遗传学的顺序研究，这些研究为当前已知的该宿主-寄生物系统的复杂物种水平的系统发育和种群遗传学框架提供了基础。此外，还提出了全面研究的进一步方向，以更完整地了解猫肝吸虫O. viverrini相关的胆管癌。©2023年。作者（们），在Springer Nature Switzerland AG的独家许可下。

Opisthorchis viverrini plays a key role as the carcinogenic liver fluke causing bile duct cancer in Southeast Asia. A comprehensive understanding of its life cycle, distribution, systematics, and population genetics is critically important as they underpin the effective development and establishment of future prevention and control programs that center on opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma. This chapter provides detailed information concerning the basic biology and updated information of O. viverrini related to its host life cycle, transmission route via raw, partially cooked or fermented freshwater cyprinid fish, endemic areas, and the discovery of new foci. Previous sequential studies over the last two decades on the phylogenetic and systematic relationships, genetic variation, and population genetics of O. viverrini as well as its snail intermediate host Bithynia spp. are presented and discussed, which have led to the currently known complex species level systematics and population genetics framework of this host-parasite system. Additionally, further directions for comprehensive research are suggested to provide a more complete understanding of liver fluke, O. viverrini-related cholangiocarcinoma.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.