钙（Ca2+）稳态对维持人体的生理过程至关重要，而Ca2+信号传导的紊乱可能导致多种病理情况。低钙血症是急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）、癌症、感染性休克和COVID-19等疾病中的常见症状，既具有保护作用又可能带来不利影响。本文探讨了Ca2+失调在炎症、纤维化、免疫功能受损和加速衰老方面的多面角色，这些因素都对疾病的严重程度有所贡献。针对Ca2+信号传导途径可能为年龄相关疾病的新治疗提供机会，并用于抗击病毒感染。钙在病毒感染中的作用是复杂的，有证据表明低钙血症可能对某些病毒具有保护作用，而Ca2+稳态的改变可能影响感染病毒的易感性。钙补充剂在COVID-19患者中的功效和安全性仍需进行持续研究和辩论。进一步的调查研究需要了解Ca2+信号传导与疾病发病机制之间的复杂相互作用，以提供更好的治疗干预。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier Inc. 发表。

Calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is crucial for maintaining physiological processes in the body, and disruptions in Ca2+ signaling can lead to various pathological conditions. Hypocalcemia, a common symptom in diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cancer, septic shock, and COVID-19, can have both protective and detrimental effects. This article explores the multifaceted role of Ca2+ dysregulation in inflammation, fibrosis, impaired immune function, and accelerated senescence, contributing to disease severity. Targeting Ca2+ signaling pathways may provide opportunities to develop novel therapeutics for age-related diseases and combat viral infections. The role of Ca2+ in viral infections is complex, and evidence suggests that hypocalcemia may have a protective effect against certain viruses, while changes in Ca2+ homeostasis can influence susceptibility to viral infections. The effectiveness and safety of Ca2+ supplements in COVID-19 patients remain a subject of ongoing research and debate. Further investigations are needed to understand the intricate interplay between Ca2+ signaling and disease pathogenesis, informing better therapeutic interventions.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.