为了评估高频无创通气（HF-NIV）和屏气（BH）技术在PET/CT中对肺结节检测和纹理评估的影响，与PET/CT中的自由呼吸（FB）标准肺CT采集相比，对肺稳定的效果进行评估。6名年龄为65±7岁的患者，因18F-FDG PET/CT检测到至少一个可疑肺结节而进行了三次连续的肺PET/CT采集，分别为FB、HF-NIV和BH。对PET/CT的所有三次CT采集进行肺结节评估，并对其大小、体积和实质/亚实质性进行表征。BH检测到的结节数量（n = 422）显著高于HF-NIV（n = 368）和FB（n = 191）(p <0.001)。BH、HF-NIV和FB的平均结节大小（mm）分别为2.4±2.1、2.6±1.9和3.2±2.4（长轴），1.5±1.3、1.6±1.2和2.1±1.7（短轴）。BH和FB之间的长、短轴直径差异显著（p <0.001），HF-NIV和FB之间的差异也显著（p <0.001和p = 0.008），但BH和HF-NIV之间没有显著差异。在BH与HF-NIV之间显示了较高的体积趋势（p = 0.055），在BH与HF-NIV之间没有显著差异（p = 1）。我们发现在三次采集中亚实质结节的可检出性存在显著差异，BH显示出了更高数量的亚实质结节（n = 128）与HF-NIV（n = 72）和FB（n = 44）相比（p = 0.002）。我们观察到在应用于PET/CT的BH或HF-NIV条件下，CT对肺结节的检测率要高于FB。BH和HF-NIV在纹理评估方面表现相当，并且在评估大小和体积方面的表现优于FB。与HF-NIV和FB相比，BH在检测亚实质结节方面表现更好。BH或HF-NIV的加入可以提高CT对肺结节的检测和纹理表征能力，从而提高肺部恶性肿瘤疾病评估的准确性。BH的使用便利性和附加价值应促使其在常规实践中的应用。© 2023. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

To evaluate the effect of lung stabilization using high-frequency non-invasive ventilation (HF-NIV) and breath-hold (BH) techniques on lung nodule detection and texture assessment in PET/CT compared to a free-breathing (FB) standard lung CT acquisition in PET/CT.Six patients aged 65 ± 7 years, addressed for initial assessment of at least one suspicious lung nodule with 18F-FDG PET/CT, underwent three consecutive lung PET/CT acquisitions with FB, HF-NIV and BH. Lung nodules were assessed on all three CT acquisitions of the PET/CT and characterized for any size, volume and solid/sub-solid nature.BH detected a significantly higher number of nodules (n = 422) compared to HF-NIV (n = 368) and FB (n = 191) (p < 0.001). The mean nodule size (mm) was 2.4 ± 2.1, 2.6 ± 1.9 and 3.2 ± 2.4 in BH, HF-NIV and FB, respectively, for long axis and 1.5 ± 1.3, 1.6 ± 1.2 and 2.1 ± 1.7 in BH, HF-NIV and FB, respectively, for short axis. Long- and short-axis diameters were significantly different between BH and FB (p < 0.001) and between HF-NIV and FB (p < 0.001 and p = 0.008), but not between BH and HF-NIV. A trend for higher volume was shown in FB compared to BH (p = 0.055) and HF-NIV (p = 0.068) without significant difference between BH and HF-NIV (p = 1). We found a significant difference in detectability of sub-solid nodules between the three acquisitions, with BH showing a higher number of sub-solid nodules (n = 128) compared to HF-NIV (n = 72) and FB (n = 44) (p = 0.002).We observed a higher detection rate of pulmonary nodules on CT under BH or HF-NIV conditions applied to PET/CT than with FB. BH and HF-NIV demonstrated comparable texture assessment and performed better than FB in assessing size and volume. BH showed a better performance for detecting sub-solid nodules compared to HF-NIV and FB. The addition of BH or HF-NIV to PET/CT can help improve the detection and texture characterization of lung nodules by CT, therefore improving the accuracy of oncological lung disease assessment. The ease of use of BH and its added value should prompt its use in routine practice.© 2023. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.