在西方人口中，年龄≥80岁（最长寿者）的成年人群是增长最快的年龄组。然而，我们对于他们所承担的癌症负担了解甚少。在这项全国范围的研究中，我们评估了他们在30年间的发病率、治疗和生存趋势，并预测了他们未来的癌症发病率。荷兰癌症登记处中选择了1990年至2019年期间的全部2,468,695例新发癌症病例，其中被诊断为最长寿者的有386,611例（16%）。预测最长寿者的发病率将持续增长至2032年。计算了净存活率和总体生存率(OS)。将患者分为四个年龄组（<80岁、80-84岁、85-89岁和≥90岁）。1990年至2019年，最长寿者的发病率翻了一番，并预计将以每年5%的速度增长至2032年。在几乎所有癌症中，最长寿者患者的比例增加，但前列腺癌的比例有所下降（1990-1994年为25%，2015-2019年为13%）。大多数癌症中，无法确定疾病分期的比例随着年龄的增长而增加。系统治疗的应用有所增加，但对最长寿者的影响不如对年轻患者显著（1990年vs 2019年：<80岁为12%-34%，80-84岁为3%-15%，85-89岁为2%-7%，≥90岁为1%-3%）。与1990-1994年比较，最长寿者患者的五年生存率提高了7个百分点（达到26%），而<80岁患者的提高了19个百分点（达到63%）。最长寿者癌症患者是一个迅速增长的群体，他们从癌症治疗的改进中受益较少，这反映了在对最长寿者的护理中所面临的多重挑战。© 2023 UICC.

Adults aged ≥80 years (the oldest-old) comprise the fastest growing age group in Western populations. Yet little is known about their cancer burden. In this nationwide study, we assessed their trends in incidence, treatment and survival over a 30-year period, and predicted their future cancer incidence. All 2 468 695 incident cancer cases during 1990 to 2019 were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry, of whom 386 611 were diagnosed in the oldest-old (16%). The incidence of the oldest-old was predicted until 2032. Net and overall survival (OS) were calculated. Patients were divided into four age groups (<80, 80-84, 85-89 and ≥90 years). The incidence of the oldest-old doubled between 1990 and 2019 and is expected to grow annually with 5% up to 2032. In virtually all cancers the share of oldest-old patients grew, but declined for prostate cancer (25% in 1990-1994 vs 13% in 2015-2019). The proportion of undetermined disease stage increased with age in most cancers. The application of systemic therapy increased, albeit less pronounced in the oldest-old than their younger counterparts (1990 vs 2019: 12%-34%, 3%-15%, 2%-7% and 1%-3% in <80, 80-84, 85-89 and ≥90 years old). Five-year OS of the oldest-old patients increased by 7 percentage points (to 26%) between 1990 to 1994 and 2015 to 2019 compared to 19 percentage points (to 63%) in <80 years old. The oldest-old cancer patients are a rapidly growing group who benefitted less from improvements in cancer treatment than younger patients, reflecting the multiple challenges faced in the care of the oldest-old.© 2023 UICC.