肌肉消瘦是一种进行性的系统性骨骼肌疾病，特征为肌肉力量、数量和质量的病理性下降，常常影响老年人群体。大多数癌症患者年龄较大。患者在癌症发展之前可能已经有肌肉消瘦，而患有癌症的人则易于由于高度分解代谢、炎症、身体素质降低、厌食、抗癌治疗的不良反应和压力而发展肌肉消瘦。根据时间的不同，癌症患者的肌肉消瘦可分为三种类型：癌症发生之前已存在的肌肉消瘦，与癌症相关的肌肉消瘦以及与癌症治疗相关的肌肉消瘦。肌肉消瘦不仅改变了癌症患者的体组成，而且增加了术后并发症的发生率，降低了治疗效果，影响了生活质量，并导致生存期缩短。对于不同病因和肌肉消瘦阶段的癌症患者，需要采取不同的治疗策略来匹配其癌症状况和身体状况。在这里，我们对癌症患者中肌肉消瘦的流行病学和诊断进行了全面的综述，阐明了癌症与肌肉消瘦之间的复杂相互作用，并提供了基于证据的肌肉消瘦治疗策略。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。

Sarcopenia is a progressive systemic skeletal muscle disorder characterized by a pathological decline in muscle strength, quantity, and quality, which frequently affects the elderly population. The majority of cancer patients are of advanced age. Patients may already have sarcopenia prior to cancer development, and those with cancer are prone to developing sarcopenia due to hypercatabolism, inflammation, reduced physical fitness, anorexia, adverse effects, and stress associated with anticancer therapy. Based on the timing, sarcopenia in patients with cancer can be categorized into three: pre-existing sarcopenia before the onset of cancer, sarcopenia related to cancer, and sarcopenia related to cancer treatment. Sarcopenia not only changes the body composition of patients with cancer but also increases the incidence of postoperative complications, reduces therapeutic efficacy, impairs quality of life, and results in shortened survival. Different therapeutic strategies are required to match the cancer status and physical condition of patients with different etiologies and stages of sarcopenia. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the epidemiology and diagnosis of sarcopenia in patients with cancer, elucidate the complex interactions between cancer and sarcopenia, and provide evidence-based strategies for sarcopenia management in these patients.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.