化疗是恶性肿瘤最常见的治疗方法。然而，化疗引起的胃肠道毒性反应（CIGT）一直是癌症患者的主要关注点，这降低了他们的生活质量，导致治疗不耐受甚至停止。尽管如此，由于该病的广泛流行和复杂性，CIGT的预防和治疗仍然具有挑战性。化疗药物直接损伤胃肠粘膜引起CIGT，包括恶心、呕吐、厌食、胃肠粘膜炎和腹泻等。CIGT的发病机制涉及多个因素，如肠道菌群失调、炎症反应和神经递质异常水平，这些因素协同促使其发生和发展。特别地，肠道菌群失调通常与异常的免疫反应相关联，导致炎性细胞因子表达增加，这是许多类型的CIGT的常见特征。化疗引起的肠道神经毒性也是CIGT的一项重要关注点。目前，现代医学是CIGT的主要治疗方法，但是作为辅助和替代疗法的传统中医药（TCM）引起了人们的兴趣，可以极大地缓解CIGT。因此，本综述旨在通过PubMed和Google Scholar数据库全面总结CIGT的发病机制和当前管理情况，并提出未来CIGT研究应重点关注肠道菌群、肠道神经毒性和有希望的TCM疗法，以促进更有效的干预措施和优化CIGT管理。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier Inc.

Chemotherapy is the most common treatment for malignant tumors. However, chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity (CIGT) has been a major concern for cancer patients, which reduces their quality of life and leads to treatment intolerance and even cessation. Nevertheless, prevention and treatment for CIGT are challenging, due to the prevalence and complexity of the condition. Chemotherapeutic drugs directly damage gastrointestinal mucosa to induce CIGT, including nausea, vomiting, anorexia, gastrointestinal mucositis, and diarrhea, etc. The pathogenesis of CIGT involves multiple factors, such as gut microbiota disorders, inflammatory responses and abnormal neurotransmitter levels, that synergistically contribute to its occurrence and development. In particular, the dysbiosis of gut microbiota is usually linked to abnormal immune responses that increases inflammatory cytokines' expression, which is a common characteristic of many types of CIGT. Chemotherapy-induced intestinal neurotoxicity is also a vital concern in CIGT. Currently, modern medicine is the dominant treatment of CIGT, however, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has attracted interest as a complementary and alternative therapy that can greatly alleviate CIGT. Accordingly, this review aimed to comprehensively summarize the pathogenesis and current management of CIGT using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, and proposed that future research for CIGT should focus on the gut microbiota, intestinal neurotoxicity, and promising TCM therapies, which may help to develop more effective interventions and optimize managements of CIGT.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.