在她们的一生中，女性很可能患上子宫疾病，这通常会影响她们的育龄和围绝经期。除了良性病变如平滑肌瘤外，还可能发生几种恶性肿瘤，例如子宫平滑肌肉瘤，它是最常见的罕见子宫癌之一。它有几个亚型与良性和恶性肿瘤相似，有时与良性伙伴病变共享症状。在这种情况下，为了正确诊断和成功预后，必须检测新的可靠标记物，这些标记物加强了组织病理学结果，并确定了更合适和更少有害的治疗方案。基于这些令人担忧的证据，本研究利用傅里叶变换红外显微光谱技术在子宫平滑肌瘤和平滑肌肉瘤细胞株的细胞水平上进行了研究，以(1)鉴定能够区分良性和恶性病变的特定光谱生物标记物，和(2)评估已成功测试的二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸（分别简称EPA和DHA）的疗效。结果显示良性和恶性细胞在光谱特征上存在可靠差异，主要表现在脂类和核酸的组成上。此外，即使EPA和DHA在测试的细胞株上表现出不同的效果，也未观察到ω-3脂肪酸治疗后的细胞毒性和/或抗凋亡作用。版权信息 © 2023 Elsevier B.V. 发布。

During their life, women are likely to develop uterine diseases, which often compromise their fertile and perimenopausal age. Besides benign lesions like leiomyomas, several malignant neoplasms can occur, such as the uterine leiomyosarcoma, which represents the most frequent malignancy among the rarest uterine cancers. It presents several variants similar to both benign and malignant neoplasms, and sometimes it shares symptoms with the benign counterpart. In this scenario, for a correct diagnosis and a successful prognosis, it is mandatory to detect new reliable markers which strengthen histopathological outcomes and let define a more appropriate and less harmful therapy. Based on this concerning evidence, in the present study, Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy has been exploited at a cellular level on uterine leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma cell lines to (1) identify specific spectral biomarkers able to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions, and (2) evaluate the efficacy of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (respectively EPA and DHA), already successfully tested. Results evidenced reliable differences in the spectral signature of benign and malignant cells, mainly in terms of lipids and nucleic acids composition. Moreover, even if EPA and DHA seemed to exert different effects on the tested cell lines, no cytotoxic and/or anti-apoptotic actions were observed after omega-3 based treatments.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.