急性髓性白血病（AML）是一种恶性淋巴造血肿瘤，属于同胞造血干细胞移植（同基因移植）最常见的适应症之一。本文旨在全面分析同基因移植在AML治疗中的应用，并确定预后因素以增强未来的治疗效果。本回顾性研究收集了北京大学第一医院2003年9月至2022年7月间进行同基因移植的323名AML患者的数据。移植数量逐年增加。自2013年以来，我们中心观察到高风险细胞遗传学与可测量残余病（MRD）阳性患者的比例上升，同时半相合移植的数量也增加。过去20年，总的白细胞移植时间有所减少。此外，总体生存期（OS）和无病存活期（DFS）明显改善，而非复发性死亡率（NRM）自2013年以来显著下降。多变量分析确定了2013年之前进行移植、CR2或非CR患者以及50岁以上受者为NRM的危险因素，而非CR和具有阳性MRD的患者为复发的危险因素。这些发现提供了中国AML治疗结果的见解，突出了移植实践的变化以及减少移植后复发的需求。有效的干预措施，如MRD监测和风险分层方案，对进一步提高移植结果至关重要。 © 2023. 作者授权Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany独家发布，属于Springer Nature的一部分。

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant lymphohematopoietic tumor that ranks among the most frequent indications for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the application of allo-HSCT for AML and identify prognostic factors to enhance future treatment effect. This retrospective study collected data from 323 patients diagnosed with AML at Peking University First Hospital who underwent allo-HSCT between September 2003 and July 2022. The annual number of transplantations has steadily increased. Our center has observed a rise in the proportion of cytogenetic high-risk and measurable residual disease (MRD) positive patients since 2013, as well as an increase in the number of haploidentical transplantations. The overall leukocyte engraftment time has decreased over the past 20 years. Furthermore, both overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) have significantly improved, while non-relapse mortality (NRM) has significantly decreased since 2013. Multivariate analysis identified transplantation before 2013, patients in complete remission (CR) 2 or non-CR, and recipients older than 50 years as risk factors for NRM, while patients in non-CR and patients with positive MRD are risk factors for recurrence. These findings offer insights into AML treatment outcomes in China, highlighting changes in transplantation practices and the need to reduce post-transplant relapse. Effective interventions, such as MRD monitoring and risk stratification schemes, are crucial for further enhancing transplant outcomes.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.