原发性恶性骨肿瘤是罕见的，其流行病学特征鲜有报道。我们的研究旨在研究2000年至2015年的骨肿瘤的发病率和死亡特征。基于人口的癌症登记由中国国家癌症中心癌症登记中心（NCCRC）提交登记数据。从中国的501个地方癌症登记中收集数据，使用NCCRC的筛查方法和标准进行评估。原发性骨肿瘤的发病率和死亡率按年龄组、性别和地区进行分层。使用2000年中国标准人口和Segi的世界标准人口进行年龄标化的发病率和死亡率的调整。使用Joinpoint回归程序计算率的年百分比变化（APC）。 共有368个登记符合质控标准，其中134个来自城市地区，234个来自农村地区。数据涵盖了3,095,534,99人口。粗发病率、年龄标化发病率和粗死亡率分别为每10万人中的1.77、1.35和1.31。男性的发病率和死亡率高于女性；它们呈下降趋势，年减少率分别为2.2%和4.8%，城市地区的率低于农村地区。城市地区观察到显著下降的趋势。2000年至2007年期间，农村地区呈稳定趋势，之后呈下降趋势。0至19岁年龄组的发病率和死亡率呈稳定趋势，19岁以上年龄组呈下降趋势。 与城市地区相比，农村地区的原发性恶性骨肿瘤发病率和死亡率较高。需要采取针对性的预防措施来监测和控制骨肿瘤的发病率，并改善患者的生活质量。这项研究可以为骨肿瘤的预防和控制提供科学依据，并为随后的研究提供基础信息。 版权所有 © 2023 中国医学会，由沃尔特斯·克鲁厄（Wolters Kluwer, Inc.）根据CC-BY-NC-ND许可证制作。

Primary malignant bone tumors are uncommon, and their epidemiological features are rarely reported. We aimed to study the incidence and death characteristics of bone tumors from 2000 to 2015.Population-based cancer registries submitted registry data to National Central Cancer Registry of China (NCCRC). The data collected from 501 local cancer registries in China were assessed using NCCRC screening methods and criteria. Incidence and mortality rates of primary bone tumor were stratified by age group, gender, and area. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were adjusted using the Chinese standard population in 2000 and Segi's world population. The annual percentage change (APC) in rate was calculated using the Joinpoint Regression Program.Data from 368 registries met quality control criteria, of which 134 and 234 were from urban and rural areas, respectively. The data covered 309,553,499 persons. The crude incidence, age-standardized incidence, and crude mortality rates were 1.77, 1.35, and 1.31 per 100,000, respectively. Incidence and mortality rates were higher in males than those in females; they showed downward trends, with declines of 2.2% and 4.8% per year, respectively, and the rates in urban areas were lower than those in rural areas. Significant declining trends were observed in urban areas. Stable trends were seen in rural areas during 2000 to 2007, followed by downward trends. Age-specific incidence and mortality rates showed stable trends in the age group of 0 to 19 years, and downward trends in the age group elder than 19 years.The incidence and mortality rates of primary malignant bone tumors in rural areas were higher compared to those in urban areas. Targeted prevention measures are required to monitor and control bone tumor incidence and improve the quality of life of affected patients. This research can provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of bone tumors, as well as basic information for follow-up research.Copyright © 2023 The Chinese Medical Association, produced by Wolters Kluwer, Inc. under the CC-BY-NC-ND license.