免疫疗法的引入为包括黑色素瘤在内的多种癌症类型的抗癌疗法带来了新的时代。随着新化合物和组合的不断发展以及对早期疾病阶段的研究，有机会需要基于生物标志物的治疗个体化。Ⅲ期黑色素瘤是新辅助免疫疗法领域的领先者之一，通过其免疫原性、患者群体的同质性和可靠的疗效评估结果，有利于快速鉴定生物标志物。在本综述中，我们讨论了新辅助免疫疗法的响应预测的潜在生物标志物，以及新辅助黑色素瘤平台如何为其他肿瘤类型的生物标志物鉴定铺平道路。与疗法发展速度的增加相一致，对基于生物标志物的个体化治疗的需求也在增长。Ⅲ期黑色素瘤的新辅助治疗和生物标志物发展的当前状况可以作为其他肿瘤中这些个体化治疗的典范，协助开展基于新生物标志物的新辅助试验的发展。这将有助于进行个性化的效益风险预测，为每位患者确定最有益的治疗方法。©2023美国癌症研究协会。

The introduction of immunotherapy has ushered in a new era of anticancer therapy for many cancer types including melanoma. Given the increasing development of novel compounds and combinations and the investigation in earlier disease stages, the need grows for biomarker-based treatment personalization. Stage III melanoma is one of the front-runners in the neoadjuvant immunotherapy field, facilitating quick biomarker identification by its immunogenic capacity, homogeneous patient population, and reliable efficacy readout. In this review, we discuss potential biomarkers for response prediction to neoadjuvant immunotherapy, and how the neoadjuvant melanoma platform could pave the way for biomarker identification in other tumor types.In accordance with the increasing rate of therapy development, the need for biomarker-driven personalized treatments grows. The current landscape of neoadjuvant treatment and biomarker development in stage III melanoma can function as a poster child for these personalized treatments in other tumors, assisting in the development of new biomarker-based neoadjuvant trials. This will contribute to personalized benefit-risk predictions to identify the most beneficial treatment for each patient.©2023 American Association for Cancer Research.