银屑病是一种由多种因素引起的慢性疾病，其特点是皮肤上出现瘙痒、不适、红色或白色鳞状斑块，尤其是在经常受擦伤的部位，如四肢的侧面区域。根据报告，全球约有2%-3%的人口患有银屑病。在本综述中，我们讨论了银屑病的临床分类以及生物标志物的理想特征。我们还讨论了生物标志物的发现和研究验证方法的概述。越来越多的研究表明，银屑病与某些其他全身症状存在联系，如心血管疾病、代谢综合征以及高血压和非酒精性脂肪肝等其他共病。天然杀伤细胞（NK细胞）是一种专注于破坏病毒感染和恶性细胞的淋巴细胞，它们会产生多种炎症因子，其中一些与银屑病的发病机制相关。详细介绍了银屑病的分子发病机制，其中白细胞介素（IL）-17、IL-23、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和CCL20在银屑病的发展中起着非常重要的作用。在本综述中，我们就银屑病诊断和治疗的生物标志物进行了概述，重点介绍了可用的表观基因组、转录组、糖组和代谢组等生物标志物。利用生物制剂和口服系统治疗（甲氨蝶呤、阿普利麦、甘泽克麦布、利莎克麦布）进行的分子靶向治疗的最新进展，能够有效治疗最严重的银屑病症状，相关研究也验证了肿瘤坏死因子-α拮抗剂（英夫利西单抗、阿达木单抗）、IL-23拮抗剂（古塞库麦布、里桑库麦布）和IL-17拮抗剂（塞库麦布、依克单抗）等生物制剂的有效性。最后，我们讨论了技术机遇和各种挑战的概述。

Psoriasis is a chronic disease that is caused by multiple factors and is identified by itchiness, unpleasant, red, or white scaly patches on the skin, particularly on regularly chafed body regions such as the lateral areas of the limbs. Reports suggest that globally around 2%-3% of the population suffers from psoriasis. In this review, we have discussed the clinical classification of psoriasis and also the ideal characteristics of the biomarkers. An overview regarding the discovery of the biomarker and method for validating the study has been discussed. A growing body of research suggests a link to certain other systemic symptoms such as cardiovascular disorder, metabolic syndrome, and few other comorbidities such as hypertension and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocyte cells that concentrate on the destruction of virally infected and malignant cells; these tend to produce a wide range of inflammatory cytokines, some of which are associated with the etiology of psoriasis. Detailed information on the molecular pathogenesis of psoriasis in which interleukin (IL)-17, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and CCL20 play a very significant role in the development of psoriasis. In this review, we have discussed an overview of the recent state of the biomarkers available for the diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis by emphasizing on the available biomarkers such as epigenomic, transcriptomic, glycomic, and metabolomic. The most recent advancements in molecular-targeted therapy utilizing biologics and oral systemic therapy (methotrexate, apremilast) enable to adequately treat the most serious psoriatic symptoms and also the studies have validated the efficacy of biologic therapy such as TNF-α antagonist (infliximab, adalimumab), IL-23 antagonist (guselkumab, risankizumab), and IL-17 antagonist (secukinumab, ixekizumab). Finally, an overview about the technological opportunities as well as various challenges has been discussed.