线粒体是能够适应和响应细胞内不同应激和代谢需求的细胞器，从而展现了它们的可塑性和动态性。这些能力使其能够有效协调各种细胞功能。线粒体动力学是指裂变、融合、线粒体自噬和运输等变化过程，这对信号转导和新陈代谢的最佳功能至关重要。线粒体动力学失衡可能会破坏线粒体功能，导致细胞命运异常以及一系列疾病的发生，包括神经退行性疾病、代谢性疾病、心血管疾病和癌症。本文回顾了线粒体动力学机制及其对细胞功能的影响，探讨了健康和疾病中发生的线粒体动力学变化，并提出了有关如何干预调节线粒体动力学的新观点。© 2023. 四川大学华西医院。

Mitochondria are organelles that are able to adjust and respond to different stressors and metabolic needs within a cell, showcasing their plasticity and dynamic nature. These abilities allow them to effectively coordinate various cellular functions. Mitochondrial dynamics refers to the changing process of fission, fusion, mitophagy and transport, which is crucial for optimal function in signal transduction and metabolism. An imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics can disrupt mitochondrial function, leading to abnormal cellular fate, and a range of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Herein, we review the mechanism of mitochondrial dynamics, and its impacts on cellular function. We also delve into the changes that occur in mitochondrial dynamics during health and disease, and offer novel perspectives on how to target the modulation of mitochondrial dynamics.© 2023. West China Hospital, Sichuan University.