乳腺癌（BC）是全球最常见的癌症形式，在女性中占25％。尽管早期乳腺癌的治疗有效且通常可以痊愈，但转移性疾病是不可治愈的，这凸显了对早期检测的需求。目前，早期检测依赖于侵入性过程，然而最近的研究表明从液体活检中获得的细胞外囊泡（EVs）可能具有临床效用。EVs在全身内传输各种生物活性物质，发挥重要作用于细胞间的通讯，并且重要的是，与其细胞来源相一致。在癌细胞中，EVs改变肿瘤微环境（TME）的行为，形成了癌细胞和非癌细胞之间的通讯桥梁，以改变癌症进展的各个方面，包括前转移巢的形成。通过基因调控框架，非编码RNA（ncRNA）调节重要的分子和细胞过程，并且在各种癌症类型中可以作为肿瘤抑制剂和致癌驱动因子。EVs传输和保护ncRNA，促进其在临床上作为液体活检用于早期乳腺癌检测。本综述总结了有关ncRNA和EVs在乳腺癌中的当前研究，重点关注它们在癌症进展中通过与微环境的双向通讯发挥的作用以及其诊断意义。EV ncRNA在乳腺癌中的作用。表示参与乳腺癌肿瘤形成过程的不同EV ncRNA。促肿瘤的ncRNA显示为绿色，抑制致癌过程的ncRNA显示为红色。© 2023年，作者们。

Breast Cancer (BC) is the most common form of cancer worldwide, responsible for 25% of cancers in women. Whilst treatment is effective and often curative in early BC, metastatic disease is incurable, highlighting the need for early detection. Currently, early detection relies on invasive procedures, however recent studies have shown extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtained from liquid biopsies may have clinical utility. EVs transport diverse bioactive cargos throughout the body, play major roles in intercellular communication and, importantly, mirror their cell of origin. In cancer cells, EVs alter the behaviour of the tumour microenvironment (TME), forming a bridge of communication between cancerous and non-cancerous cells to alter all aspects of cancer progression, including the formation of a pre-metastatic niche. Through gene regulatory frameworks, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) modulate vital molecular and cellular processes and can act as both tumour suppressors and oncogenic drivers in various cancer types. EVs transport and protect ncRNAs, facilitating their use clinically as liquid biopsies for early BC detection. This review summarises current research surrounding ncRNAs and EVs within BC, focusing on their roles in cancer progression through bi-directional communication with the microenvironment and their diagnostic implications. The role of EV ncRNAs in breast cancer. A representation of the different EV ncRNAs involved in tumourigenic processes in breast cancer. Pro-tumourigenic ncRNAs displayed in green and ncRNAs which inhibit oncogenic processes are shown in red.© 2023. The Author(s).