口腔白斑是一种常见的口腔潜在恶性疾病。全球单独OLK的患病率于2003年发表，而该病的患病率在不同研究中存在差异。近年来，大规模汇总和定义相关的分析未得到足够关注。本研究旨在对口腔白斑患病率研究进行系统综述，并评估其发生的易感因素。在Pubmed、Embase、Scopus和Web of Science数据库中搜索词组（"口腔白斑" OR OLK OR 白斑）AND（患病率 OR 发生率 OR 流行病学），以获得1996年1月至2022年12月发表的OLK研究。使用STATA 16.0进行估计患病率计算和偏倚风险分析。我们获得了69项研究，涉及28个国家和6大洲的1,263,028名参与者。患病率为1.39%，范围从0.12%至33.33%不等。OLK的总体汇总估计患病率为2.23%（基于人群的研究），1.36%（基于诊所的人群研究），9.10%（特定人群）。不同洲际的汇总患病率范围为0.33%至11.74%，基于人群的计算有统计学差异。OLK的估计患病率在男性中高于女性。吸烟和饮酒的人患病率高于不吸烟和不饮酒的人。结合69项已发表研究的数据，确定OLK的患病率为1.39%，汇总的全球患病率为3.41%。患病率在不同洲际和不同定义下相对一致稳定。男性、60岁以上的人、吸烟者和饮酒者的汇总估计患病率较高。本系统综述所包含的研究结果显示，患病率在不同定义和洲际下相对一致稳定，这可能有助于制定口腔白斑的全球治疗和预防策略。© 2023年。生物医学中心有限公司，属於斯普林格自然出版集团。

Oral leukoplakia(OLK) is a common oral potentially malignant disorder. The global prevalence of solely OLK was published in 2003, while the prevalence varied among different studies. In recent years, large-scale summary and definition-related analyses obtain insufficient attention. This study aimed to perform a systematic review of prevalence studies of oral leukoplakia and assess predisposing factors of its occurrence.The search terms ("Oral leukoplakia" OR OLK OR leukoplakia) AND (prevalence OR incidence OR epidemiology) were searched in databases (Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) for OLK studies published from January 1996 until December 2022. The estimated prevalence calculation and risk of bias analysis used STATA 16.0.We obtained 69 studies, including 1,263,028 participants, from 28 countries, and 6 continents. The prevalence was 1.39%, varying from 0.12 to 33.33%. The overall pooled estimated prevalence of OLK was 2.23% for population-based studies, 1.36% for clinic-based population studies, and 9.10% for specific populations. The pooled prevalence in different continents ranged from 0.33 to 11.74% with a statistical difference in the population-based calculation. The estimated prevalence of OLK was higher in males than in females. Those who smoked and consumed alcohol had a higher prevalence than those who did not.Combining data from 69 published studies, the prevalence of OLK was determined as 1.39% and the pooling estimated global prevalence was 3.41%. The prevalence was relatively consistent and stable across different continents and different definitions. A higher pooled estimated prevalence was found among males, those aged over 60 years old, smokers, and alcohol consumers. The results from the included studies in this systematic review revealed that the prevalence was relatively consistent and stable across various definitions and continents, which may help in developing global treatment and prevention strategies for oral leukoplakia.© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.