由于肝细胞癌（HCC）具有较高的发病率和死亡率，已经成为全球健康的严重负担。然而，HCC的有效治疗方法有限。缺乏合适的临床前模型可能是HCC药物开发的主要失败原因之一。在这里，我们综述了几种十分成熟的HCC小鼠模型，包括基因工程小鼠、化学诱导模型、移植模型和人源化小鼠模型。HCC的免疫疗法研究是一个热门话题。因此，我们将介绍HCC小鼠模型在免疫疗法中的应用。之后，我们将讨论一些与HCC相关的肝脏疾病的其他模型，包括非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD），乙肝和丙肝病毒感染以及肝纤维化和肝硬化。总的来说，这些内容提供给研究人员一个对HCC小鼠模型的当前概述，并协助他们选择适合的模型进行研究。© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd.，Springer Nature的一部分。

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become a severe burden on global health due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. However, effective treatments for HCC are limited. The lack of suitable preclinical models may contribute to a major failure of drug development for HCC. Here, we overview several well-established mouse models of HCC, including genetically engineered mice, chemically-induced models, implantation models, and humanized mice. Immunotherapy studies of HCC have been a hot topic. Therefore, we will introduce the application of mouse models of HCC in immunotherapy. This is followed by a discussion of some other models of HCC-related liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatitis B and C virus infection, and liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Together these provide researchers with a current overview of the mouse models of HCC and assist in the application of appropriate models for their research.© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.