大鼠肉瘤病毒（RAS）基因是癌症中最常见的突变癌基因，大约有19%的癌症患者带有RAS突变。近年来，关于RAS突变与肿瘤免疫微环境（TIM）的相互作用的研究蓬勃发展。越来越多的证据证明，RAS信号调节免疫细胞的招募、激活和分化，同时帮助肿瘤细胞逃避免疫监视。本综述总结了针对RAS突变的直接和间接治疗策略。此外，我们更新了RAS信号调控免疫浸润和免疫逃逸的潜在机制。最后，我们讨论了针对RAS的免疫治疗进展，包括癌症疫苗和细胞移植疗法，特别关注与个体化疗法的组合策略，有望实现持久的临床益处。© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., Springer Nature的一部分。

The rat sarcoma virus (RAS) gene is the most commonly mutated oncogene in cancer, with about 19% of cancer patients carrying RAS mutations. Studies on the interaction between RAS mutation and tumor immune microenvironment (TIM) have been flourishing in recent years. More and more evidence has proved that RAS signals regulate immune cells' recruitment, activation, and differentiation while assisting tumor cells to evade immune surveillance. This review concluded the direct and indirect treatment strategies for RAS mutations. In addition, we updated the underlying mechanisms by which RAS signaling modulated immune infiltration and immune escape. Finally, we discussed advances in RAS-targeted immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines and adoptive cell therapies, with a particular focus on combination strategies with personalized therapy and great potential to achieve lasting clinical benefits.© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.