脓毒症患者面临高死亡率和残酷的预后，迫切需要先进的治疗干预。一名被诊断为中度低分化的鳞状细胞癌男性患者接受了多种治疗，包括放疗、化疗、免疫疗法和靶向治疗以抑制血管生成。随后，在全面治疗后，他发展出脓毒症，并且常规抗生素组合治疗对抗感染表现无效。作为一种实验性方法，进行了同种异体天然杀伤细胞（NK细胞）输注。在进行了NK细胞输注后，患者恢复了意识，并且实验室分析显示感染相关标志物减少，血清炎症因子被抑制，抗肿瘤细胞因子升高。然而，治疗效果仅持续2-3天。体外研究显示，同种异体NK细胞产品可以降低患者血清中白细胞介素-6的水平。此外，随后将NK细胞产品与患者血清进行共培养，结果导致NK细胞的细胞毒亚群比例降低，以及NK介导杀伤分子表达的下调。总之，同种异体NK细胞的养育输注可能改善患有肿瘤相关脓毒症症状的患者。体外共培养测试在提供治疗效果的预测生物标记物方面具有潜力。（c）2023作者出版，由德古意特出版。

Patients with sepsis face high mortality rates and a bleak prognosis, prompting the need for advanced therapeutic interventions. A male patient diagnosed with moderately low-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma received diverse treatments, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy to inhibit angiogenesis. Subsequently, he developed sepsis after comprehensive treatment, and conventional antibiotic combinations proved ineffective in combating the infection. As an experimental approach, allogeneic natural killer (NK) cell infusion was administered. Following the NK cell infusion, the patient regained consciousness, and laboratory analyses showed reduced infection-related markers, suppressed serum inflammatory cytokines, and elevated anti-tumor cytokines. However, the therapeutic effect only lasted 2-3 days. In vitro investigations demonstrated that the allogeneic NK cell product reduced interleukin-6 levels in the patient's serum. Moreover, subsequent co-cultivation of the NK cell product with the patient's serum resulted in a decrease in the proportion of cytotoxic subpopulations of NK cells and a downregulation of the expression of NK-mediated killing molecules. In conclusion, adoptive transfusion of allogeneic NK cells may improve sepsis symptoms in patients with tumor-related sepsis. In vitro co-culture tests hold promise in providing predictive biomarkers for treatment effectiveness.© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter.