癌症免疫疗法已在多种肿瘤中展现出有希望的抗肿瘤效果。肿瘤微环境中浸润的调节性T细胞（Tregs）限制了免疫监视的保护作用，阻碍有效的抗肿瘤免疫应答，并促进了免疫抑制微环境的形成。选择性消除或功能抑制肿瘤浸润的Tregs，同时引发有效的T细胞应答，代表了一种潜在的抗肿瘤免疫方法。此外，这种方法不会破坏健康器官中的Treg依赖性免疫稳态，并且不引发自身免疫反应。然而，Tregs和多种免疫细胞类型之间共享的细胞表面分子和信号通路在这一过程中带来了挑战。非编码RNAs（ncRNAs），包括microRNAs（miRNAs）和长非编码RNAs（lncRNAs），调节癌症和免疫细胞，并因此有潜力改善抗肿瘤免疫应答。在这里，我们回顾了关于肿瘤浸润的Tregs的最新研究进展，重点关注免疫检查点和抑制性Tregs受体的功能角色，以及ncRNAs在Treg可塑性和功能性调节机制中的作用。版权所有©2023 Ma、Xu、王、刘和朴。

Cancer immunotherapy has exhibited promising antitumor effects in various tumors. Infiltrated regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) restrict protective immune surveillance, impede effective antitumor immune responses, and contribute to the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Selective depletion or functional attenuation of tumor-infiltrating Tregs, while eliciting effective T-cell responses, represents a potential approach for anti-tumor immunity. Furthermore, it does not disrupt the Treg-dependent immune homeostasis in healthy organs and does not induce autoimmunity. Yet, the shared cell surface molecules and signaling pathways between Tregs and multiple immune cell types pose challenges in this process. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), regulate both cancer and immune cells and thus can potentially improve antitumor responses. Here, we review recent advances in research of tumor-infiltrating Tregs, with a focus on the functional roles of immune checkpoint and inhibitory Tregs receptors and the regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs in Treg plasticity and functionality.Copyright © 2023 Ma, Xu, Wang, Liu and Piao.