肺癌患者往往具有强烈的肿瘤内和肿瘤间异质性以及复杂的肿瘤微环境，这些是免疫疗法效果和药物耐药性的主要影响因素。从一个新的视角来看，单细胞技术提供了一个创新的方法，可以观察肿瘤与免疫系统之间复杂的细胞相互作用，并帮助我们深入了解肺癌及其对免疫疗法的反应。本文回顾了单细胞技术在肺癌中的应用，重点关注肺癌的异质性和免疫疗法的疗效。本综述为未来免疫疗法和个体化治疗肺癌的发展提供了理论和实验信息。版权所有© 2023 Liao, Huang, Zhang, Su, Xiao, Luo, Wu, Zhu, Li and Hu.

Lung cancer patients tend to have strong intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity and complex tumor microenvironment, which are major contributors to the efficacy of and drug resistance to immunotherapy. From a new perspective, single-cell techniques offer an innovative way to look at the intricate cellular interactions between tumors and the immune system and help us gain insights into lung cancer and its response to immunotherapy. This article reviews the application of single-cell techniques in lung cancer, with focuses directed on the heterogeneity of lung cancer and the efficacy of immunotherapy. This review provides both theoretical and experimental information for the future development of immunotherapy and personalized treatment for the management of lung cancer.Copyright © 2023 Liao, Huang, Zhang, Su, Xiao, Luo, Wu, Zhu, Li and Hu.