酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae是一个强大的遗传学工具，被用于几十年来研究广泛的生物学主题。凭借其易于使用、经济实用、经过深入研究的基因组和真核生物中高度保守的蛋白质组，它已经成为最常用的模式生物之一。由于这些优势，它已被用于研究一系列复杂的人类疾病。从广泛且复杂的病理条件，如衰老和神经退行性疾病，到较新的用途，如SARS-CoV-2，酵母继续为我们提供关于细胞过程如何受到疾病影响以及受影响途径可能如何成为治疗设置中的靶点的新见解。同时，在许多这些人类疾病的病理中，RNA和基于RNA的过程的作用变得越来越突出，并且酵母已被用于研究这些机制，从肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症中的异常RNA结合蛋白到癌症中的翻译调控。在这里，我们回顾一些酵母模型对于复杂的、基于RNA的人类疾病分子病理学方面所取得的重要见解。本文被归类于：RNA在疾病和发展中的作用 > RNA在疾病中。© 2023 The Authors. 由Wiley Periodicals LLC出版的WIREs RNA发表。

The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been used for decades as a powerful genetic tool to study a broad spectrum of biological topics. With its ease of use, economic utility, well-studied genome, and a highly conserved proteome across eukaryotes, it has become one of the most used model organisms. Due to these advantages, it has been used to study an array of complex human diseases. From broad, complex pathological conditions such as aging and neurodegenerative disease to newer uses such as SARS-CoV-2, yeast continues to offer new insights into how cellular processes are affected by disease and how affected pathways might be targeted in therapeutic settings. At the same time, the roles of RNA and RNA-based processes have become increasingly prominent in the pathology of many of these same human diseases, and yeast has been utilized to investigate these mechanisms, from aberrant RNA-binding proteins in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to translation regulation in cancer. Here we review some of the important insights that yeast models have yielded into the molecular pathology of complex, RNA-based human diseases. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.© 2023 The Authors. WIREs RNA published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.