在乳制品消费和心血管疾病（CVD）风险之间的关联性已经不一致。在高乳制品摄入量人群中缺乏研究。我们旨在研究瑞典马尔摩饮食与癌症队列研究（Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort study）中乳制品摄入与心脑血管事件风险的关联性。我们纳入了没有现存CVD或糖尿病的26,190名参与者。从经过改良的饮食史中获得了其膳食习惯，而终点数据则从登记中提取。在平均19年的随访期间，共报告了3,633例重大不良冠脉事件和2,643例卒中病例。在调整潜在混淆因素后，非发酵牛奶（>1000 g/天）与低摄入量（<200 g/天）相比，与重大不良冠脉事件风险增加35%(95% CI 8-69%)有关。相反，适量食用发酵乳（100-300 g/天）与不食用相比，与重大不良冠脉事件风险下降有关。乳酪（仅女性）和黄油的摄入与重大不良冠脉事件的风险呈负相关。关于乳制品和中风风险之间的关联性没有明确的观察结果。然而，高摄入量的非发酵牛奶与缺血性中风的风险降低有关（P trend=0.05），但与其他类型的中风风险增加有关（P trend=0.04）。这些结果强调了独立研究不同乳制品的重要性。需要进一步研究高乳制品摄入人群。

The association between consumption of dairy products and risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been inconsistent. There is a lack of studies in populations with high intakes of dairy products. We aimed to examine the association between intake of dairy products and risk of incident major adverse coronary events and stroke in the Swedish Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort study. We included 26,190 participants without prevalent CVD or diabetes. Dietary habits were obtained from a modified diet history and endpoint data were extracted from registers. Over an average of 19 years of follow-up, 3,633 major adverse coronary events cases and 2,643 stroke cases were reported. After adjusting for potential confounders, very high intakes of non-fermented milk (>1000 g/day) compared with low intakes (<200 g/day) were associated with 35% (95% CI 8-69%) higher risk of major adverse coronary events. In contrast, moderate intakes of fermented milk (100-300 g/day) were associated with a lower risk of major adverse coronary events compared with no consumption. Intakes of cheese (only in women) and butter were inversely associated with the risk of major adverse coronary events. We observed no clear associations between any of the dairy products and stroke risk. However, high intake of non-fermented milk was associated with decreased risk of ischemic stroke (P trend=0.05), but increased risk of other stroke types (P trend=0.04). These results highlight the importance of studying different dairy foods separately. Further studies in populations with high dairy consumption are warranted.