肺癌是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因。非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）是肺癌病例的主要类型，其标准治疗主要是手术。然而，这种类型的癌症具有重要的肿瘤复发率。免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）在许多癌症中表现出显著的生存益处，特别是早期NSCLC。本综述考虑了导致美国FDA批准的最新的CheckMate816、IMpower010和KEYNOTE-091试验。还总结了新一波可手术切除的NSCLC试验结果。最后，还讨论了这些治疗方式的最新挑战，例如新辅助和辅助用药之间的选择、生物标志物的准确识别以及EGFR等驱动突变的存在。

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents the majority of lung cancer cases, and its standard treatment is primarily surgery. Nonetheless, this type of cancer exhibits an important rate of tumor recurrence. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated significant survival benefits in many cancers, especially in early-stage NSCLC. This review considers the latest CheckMate816, IMpower010 and KEYNOTE-091 trials that led to US FDA approvals. The new wave of resectable NSCLC trial results are also summarized. Finally, the latest challenges for these treatment modalities, such as the choice between neoadjuvant and adjuvant use, the accurate identification of biomarkers and the presence of driver mutations such as EGFR, are discussed.