由于其众多的好处，自然植物在生物医学研究中越来越受到关注。植物外泌体来源的纳米级囊泡是由植物细胞分泌的小型纳米级囊泡，其富含生物活性物质，在细胞间的通讯、信息传递和维持生物体内稳态中起着重要作用。它们还有望用于疾病治疗，并且其囊泡结构使其成为药物传递的合适载体，可实现大规模生产。因此，本文旨在概述来自不同植物来源的纳米囊泡及其提取方法。我们还概述了纳米囊泡的生物活性，包括其抗炎、抗病毒和抗肿瘤特性，并系统介绍了其在药物传递中的应用。这些应用包括经皮传递、靶向药物传递、基因传递，以及其在现代食品工业中的潜在应用。本综述为未来有关植物外泌体的研究提供了新思路和方法，包括其与人工智能和基因编辑的结合以及其在生物医学、食品和农业产业中的潜在应用。

Natural plants have been attracting increasing attention in biomedical research due to their numerous benefits. Plant exosome-derived vesicles, some of the plant's components, are small nanoscale vesicles secreted by plant cells. These vesicles are rich in bioactive substances and play significant roles in intercellular communication, information transfer, and maintaining homeostasis in organisms. They also hold promise for treating diseases, and their vesicular structures make them suitable carriers for drug delivery, with large-scale production feasible. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an overview of nanovesicles from different plant sources and their extraction methods. We also outline the biological activities of nanovesicles, including their anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-tumor properties, and systematically introduce their applications in drug delivery. These applications include transdermal delivery, targeted drug delivery, gene delivery, and their potential use in the modern food industry. This review provides new ideas and methods for future research on plant exosomes, including their empowerment by artificial intelligence and gene editing, as well as their potential application in the biomedicine, food, and agriculture industries.