肠道炎症改变宿主生理学，促进结肠癌（CRC）的发生，如溃疡性结肠炎相关的CRC所见。肠道微生物群对癌症进展至关重要，主要是通过诱导肠道慢性炎症微环境，导致DNA损伤、染色体突变和特定代谢物产生的改变。因此，对基于微生物群的预防和治疗策略，如益生菌、益生元、微生物群代谢物和粪菌移植越来越感兴趣。本综述旨在提供有关肠道微生物群与溃疡性结肠炎相关CRC之间潜在相关性及有希望的基于微生物群的溃疡性结肠炎相关CRC治疗策略的有价值见解。

Intestinal inflammation modifies host physiology to promote the occurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC), as seen in colitis-associated CRC. Gut microbiota is crucial in cancer progression, primarily by inducing intestinal chronic inflammatory microenvironment, leading to DNA damage, chromosomal mutation, and alterations in specific metabolite production. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in microbiota-based prevention and treatment strategies, such as probiotics, prebiotics, microbiota-derived metabolites, and fecal microbiota transplantation. This review aims to provide valuable insights into the potential correlations between gut microbiota and colitis-associated CRC, as well as the promising microbiota-based strategies for colitis-associated CRC.