G蛋白偶联受体（GPCRs）是成功的可药物靶点，约占所有FDA批准药物的35％。然而，大量受体仍然是孤儿，没有已知的内源性配体，这代表了一个充满挑战但尚未开发的领域，可以发现新的治疗靶点。在孤儿GPCRs（oGPCRs）中，G蛋白偶联受体37（GPR37）在中枢神经系统（CNS）中高度表达，尤其在脊髓和少突胶质细胞中。虽然其细胞信号机制和内源性受体配体仍然是未知的，但GPR37已被认为与几种重要的神经疾病有关，包括帕金森病（PD），炎症，疼痛，孤独症和脑肿瘤。综述了GPR37的结构，信号传导，新兴生理学和药理学，并结合对潜在治疗适应症和机会的讨论。

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are successful druggable targets, making up around 35% of all FDA-approved medications. However, a large number of receptors remain orphaned, with no known endogenous ligand, representing a challenging but untapped area to discover new therapeutic targets. Among orphan GPCRs (oGPCRs) of interest, G protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) is highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in the spinal cord and oligodendrocytes. While its cellular signaling mechanisms and endogenous receptor ligands remain elusive, GPR37 has been implicated in several important neurological conditions, including Parkinson's disease (PD), inflammation, pain, autism, and brain tumors. GPR37 structure, signaling, emerging physiology, and pharmacology are reviewed while integrating a discussion on potential therapeutic indications and opportunities.