免疫细胞谱（ICP）与抗肿瘤免疫有关，对于免疫疗法至关重要。因此，在本研究中，我们调查了施行T细胞免疫疗法（ATI）的胆管癌患者（CCA）。18例无法手术或复发的CCA接受了单独或联合化疗的αβ T细胞ATI。我们使用流式细胞术评估了ICP。其中14例为肝内胆管癌（iCCA），4例为远端胆管癌（dCCA）。经过一疗程的治疗后，9例iCCA和4例dCCA出现疾病进展（PD），而5例iCCA出现稳定病情（SD）。中位总生存期（OS）延长至21.9个月。iCCA的PD组和SD组在OS上没有显著差异。 iCCA中辅助T细胞（HT）的频率从70.3%下降到65.5%（P = .008），而杀伤性T细胞（KT）的频率则从27.0%上升到30.6%（P = .005）。dCCA显示免疫细胞没有明显变化。具有CD3+ T细胞（CD3）（P = .039）和αβ T细胞（αβ）（P = .039）频率增加的iCCA的OS得到延长。dCCA没有与OS相关的免疫细胞。iCCA的PD组中，CD3+ T细胞和αβ T细胞的频率分别从63.5%下降到53%（P = .038）和从61.6%下降到52.2%（P = .028）。在SD组中，HT的频率从65.8%下降到56.9%（P = .043），KT的频率从30.1%上升到38.3%（P = .043）。总之，ATI会影响ICP并延长OS。疗效相关的免疫细胞因胆管癌的部位而不同。©2023 UICC。

The identification of immune cell profiles (ICP) involved in anti-tumor immunity is crucial for immunotherapy. Therefore, we herein investigated cholangiocarcinoma patients (CCA) who received adoptive T-cell immunotherapy (ATI). Eighteen unresectable or recurrent CCA received ATI of αβ T cells alone or combined with chemotherapy. ICP were evaluated by flow cytometry. There were 14 patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and four with distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA). After one course of treatment, nine iCCA and four dCCA had progressive disease (PD), while five iCCA had stable disease (SD). Median overall survival (OS) was prolonged to 21.9 months. No significant differences were observed in OS between the PD and SD groups of iCCA. The frequency of helper T cells (HT) in iCCA decreased from 70.3% to 65.5% (P = .008), while that of killer T cells (KT) increased from 27.0% to 30.6% (P = .005). dCCA showed no significant changes of immune cells. OS was prolonged in iCCA with increased frequencies of CD3+ T cells (CD3) (P = .039) and αβ T cells (αβ) (P = .039). dCCA showed no immune cells associated with OS. The frequencies of CD3+ T cells and αβ T cells in the PD group for iCCA decreased from 63.5% to 53% (P = .038) and from 61.6% to 52.2% (P = .028), respectively. In the SD group, the frequency of HT decreased from 65.8% to 56.9% (P = .043), whereas that of KT increased from 30.1% to 38.3% (P = .043). In conclusions, ATI affected ICP and prolonged OS. Immune cells involved in treatment effects differed according to the site of cholangiocarcinoma.© 2023 UICC.