预期寿命（LE）是快速老龄化人口中社会进步的指标。近几十年来，心血管疾病（CVD）和癌症死亡的位移一直是延长欧洲大陆LE的主要推动力，尽管改善程度在国家、性别和时间上存在显著差异。本研究以27个欧盟成员国和英国为例，对CVD和癌症对LE增长的年龄特定贡献进行了比较概述。基于多降低寿命表的标准方法，对1995-1999年和2015-2019年的LE国家变化进行了因病因年龄分解，以量化时间上的相对影响。根据性别和年龄计算了CVD和癌症死亡变化对LE差异的贡献，分别针对28个国家。我们研究了2004年之前的成员国（"创始国家"）和2004年之后加入欧盟的国家（"A10国家"）之间的差异。在男性方面，欧盟创始国家心血管疾病死亡率的下降是过去几十年增加LE的主要因素，而恶性肿瘤的贡献较小：CVD的下降使LE增长了2.26年，而癌症只增长了1.07年，A10国家分别为2.23年和0.84年。在创始国家的女性中，CVD和癌症死亡率的下降使寿命分别增加了1.81年和0.54年，而在A10国家，这些值分别为2.33年和0.37年。肺癌和胃癌对于增加LE起到了关键作用，但肺癌死亡率的上升减少了女性LE增长的潜力，这在欧盟创始国（如法国、西班牙和瑞典）和A10国家（如克罗地亚、匈牙利和斯洛文尼亚）的55-70岁人群中尤为明显。在过去的25年里，这两组国家之间的LE差距在男性中从6.22年缩小到5.59年，在女性中从4.03年缩小到3.12年，其中女性CVD死亡率的减少起到了决定性的作用。该研究强调了欧盟27 + 1个国家之间LE的东西差距的持续存在，这一差距可以通过对比创始国家和A10国家来看出。在欧盟创始国家，持续的经济增长与改善的医疗保健、健康促进和保护政策共同促使慢性疾病死亡率持续下降，寿命得到增加。相比之下，欧盟A10国家的较不利的死亡趋势表明面临更大的经济和医疗保健挑战，以及未能实施有效的健康政策。© 2023. 作者。

Life expectancy (LE) is an indicator of societal progress among rapidly aging populations. In recent decades, the displacement of deaths from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer have been key drivers in further extending LE on the continent, though improvements vary markedly by country, sex, and over time. This study provides a comparative overview of the age-specific contributions of CVD and cancer to increasing LE in the 27 European Union member states, plus the U.K.Cause-by-age decompositions of national changes in LE were conducted for the years 1995-1999 and 2015-2019 based on the standard approach of multiple decrement life tables to quantify the relative impact over time. The contributions of CVD and cancer mortality changes to differences in LE were computed by sex and age for each of the 28 countries. We examine the difference between the member states before 2004 ("founding countries") and those which accessed the EU after 2004 ("A10 countries").Among men, declines in CVD mortality in the founding countries of the EU were larger contributors to increasing LE over the last decades than malignant neoplasms: 2.26 years were gained by CVD declines versus 1.07 years for cancer, with 2.23 and 0.84 years gained in A10 countries, respectively. Among women in founding countries, 1.81 and 0.54 additional life years were attributable to CVD and cancer mortality declines, respectively, while in A10 countries, the corresponding values were 2.33 and 0.37 years. Lung and stomach cancer in men, and breast cancer in women were key drivers of gains in LE due to cancer overall, though rising mortality rates from lung cancer diminished the potential impact of increasing female LE in both EU founding (e.g., France, Spain, and Sweden) and A10 countries (e.g., Croatia, Hungary, and Slovenia), notably among cohorts aged 55-70 years. Over the 25 years, the LE gap between the two sets of countries narrowed from 6.22 to 5.59 years in men, and from 4.03 to 3.12 years for women, with diminishing female mortality from CVD as a determinative contributor.This study underscores the continued existence of an East-West divide in life expectancy across the EU27 + 1, evident on benchmarking the founding vs. A10 countries. In EU founding countries, continuous economic growth alongside improved health care, health promotion and protection policies have contributed to steady declines in mortality from chronic diseases, leading to increases in life expectancy. In contrast, less favourable mortality trends in the EU A10 countries indicate greater economic and health care challenges, and a failure to implement effective health policies.© 2023. The Author(s).