类胡萝卜素与几种慢性疾病的风险降低有关，包括其膳食摄入/循环水平与肥胖、2型糖尿病、某些癌症甚至全因死亡率降低的关联。除了一些类胡萝卜素作为维生素A前体之外，它们还与潜在的抗氧化作用和与炎症及氧化应激相关的通路相联系，包括转录因子核因子 kappa B（NF-κB）和核因子红细胞相关的2型因子（Nrf2）。类胡萝卜素和代谢产物还可以与核受体相互作用，主要是视黄酸受体/维甲酸X受体（RAR/RXR）和过氧化物酶体增生激活受体（PPARs），它们在免疫系统和细胞分化中起到一定作用。因此，类胡萝卜素可能影响大量下游靶点，包括但不限于与氧化应激和炎症相关的基因、蛋白质、抗氧化酶和细胞分化过程。此外，最近的研究还提出了类胡萝卜素摄入与肠道微生物群之间的关联。虽然所有这些终点可以进行单独评估，但更全面/综合的方法是使用（多）组学相关技术，特别是转录组学、蛋白质组学、脂质组学和代谢组学，以及宏基因组学，测量多种生物标本，包括血浆、尿液、粪便、白细胞或其他组织细胞提取物。在本综述中，我们重点介绍了在哺乳动物生物和模型中评估类胡萝卜素的与健康相关效应时使用的组学技术。版权所有 © 2023，由Elsevier公司出版。

Carotenoids have been associated with risk reduction for several chronic diseases, including the association of their dietary intake/circulating levels with reduced incidence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, certain types of cancer, and even lower total mortality. In addition to some carotenoids constituting vitamin A precursors, they are implicated in potential antioxidant effects and pathways related to inflammation and oxidative stress, including transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Carotenoids and metabolites may also interact with nuclear receptors, mainly retinoic acid receptor/retinoid X receptor (RAR/RXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) that play a role in the immune system and cellular differentiation. Therefore, a large number of downstream targets are likely influenced by carotenoids, including but not limited to genes, proteins implicated in oxidative stress and inflammation, antioxidant enzymes and cellular differentiation processes. Furthermore, recent studies also propose an association between carotenoid intake and gut microbiota. While all these endpoints could be individually assessed, a more complete/integrative way to determine a multitude of health-related aspects of carotenoids includes (multi)-omics-related techniques, especially transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics, but also metagenomics, measured in a variety of biospecimens including plasma, urine, stool, white blood cells or other tissue cellular extracts. In this review, we highlight the use of -omics technologies to assess health-related effects of carotenoids in mammalian organisms and models.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.