近年来，通过引入几种新药物，以靶向分子改变或白血病细胞存活关键路径，全面改变了髓系恶性肿瘤的治疗格局。特别是，许多靶向凋亡的药物在临床前和临床研究中得到了研究。例如，威诺替克拉斯(Venetoclax)是一种作用于BCL-2信号传导的促凋亡剂，在急性髓系白血病(AML)的治疗中取得了成功。在这一背景下取得的令人印象深刻的结果，使得凋亡途径也成为髓系新生肿瘤的一个有吸引力的靶点，将AML的经验转化为临床实践。因此，由于它们的协同疗效和克服耐药性的能力，目前有一些单药或联合策略的药物正在研究中。在本文中，我们将回顾凋亡机制以及目前用于治疗髓系肿瘤并正在研究的具体药物，确定未来几年的关键研究需求。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。

In recent years, the therapeutic landscape of myeloid malignancies has been completely revolutionized by the introduction of several new drugs, targeting molecular alterations or pathways crucial for leukemia cells survival. Particularly, many agents targeting apoptosis have been investigated in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. For instance, venetoclax, a pro-apoptotic agent active on BCL-2 signaling, has been successfully used in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The impressive results achieved in this context have made the apoptotic pathway an attractive target also in other myeloid neoplasms, translating the experience of AML. Therefore, several drugs are now under investigation either as single or in combination strategies, due to their synergistic efficacy and capacity to overcome resistance. In this paper, we will review the mechanisms of apoptosis and the specific drugs currently used and under investigation for the treatment of myeloid neoplasia, identifying critical research necessities for the upcoming years.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.