越来越多的证据表明，在癌症临床试验的招募中，不同疾病部位和目标人群之间存在显著、持久和普遍的差异。虽然这类差异的机制复杂且多因素，但临床试验的合格标准可能是公平和多样性招募上的关键结构障碍。在本综述中，我们首先概述了描述癌症临床试验招募历史和现状差异的数据，然后描述了几个患者、机构和试验相关因素，这些因素似乎是造成招募不平等的主要驱动力，尤其是合格标准的影响。我们进一步描述了正在进行的专业努力，旨在通过各种医学、专业和倡导团体消除临床试验的差异。综述最后从实践的角度讨论了如何通过现代化的临床试验合格标准减少或消除试验差异，包括具体的行动建议，旨在改善未来合格标准的质量。版权所有© Elsevier Inc. 2023。保留所有权利。

Growing evidence has demonstrated significant, persistent, and widespread disparities in cancer clinical trial enrollment across myriad disease sites and target populations. Although mechanisms underlying such disparities are complex and multifactorial, clinical trial eligibility criteria may serve as a key structural barrier to equitable and diverse trial enrollment. In this review, we provide an overview of the data describing historical and current disparities in cancer clinical trial enrollment and subsequently describe several patient-, institution-, and trial-related factors which appear to be key drivers of enrollment inequity, with specific discussion regarding the impact of eligibility criteria. We further describe the landscape of ongoing professional efforts aimed at eliminating clinical trial disparities through various medical, professional, and advocacy groups. The review concludes with a practical discussion of how modernization of eligibility criteria in clinical trials may decrease or eliminate trial disparities, including specific actionable recommendations aimed at improving the quality of future eligibility criteria.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.