近年来，质子治疗在癌症治疗领域引起了广泛的关注和猜测，因为其适应症已经扩大到儿童、前列腺、脊柱和眼部肿瘤之外。为了实现和维持对这种癌症治疗的持续访问，并确保质子治疗中心在美国的未来可行性和可用性，质子放射治疗学家对证据的呼声进行了回应。这篇综述提供的答案包括质子治疗研究的发展、质子临床试验设计的可行性、质子治疗研究的挑战和障碍，以及其他关于质子治疗研究的独特考虑因素。版权所有©2023 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。

Advances in proton therapy have garnered much attention and speculation in recent years as the indications for proton therapy have grown beyond pediatric, prostate, spine, and ocular tumors. To achieve and maintain consistent access to this cancer treatment and to ensure the future viability and availability of proton centers in the United States, a call for evidence has been heard and answered by proton radiation oncologists. Answers provided in this review include the evolution of proton therapy research, rationale for proton clinical trial design, challenges in and barriers to the conduct of proton therapy research, and other unique considerations for the study of proton therapy.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.