空气污染是肺癌的诱因，并与膀胱癌有关。然而，低污染地区空气污染与这些癌症之间的关系尚不明确。我们在一个低污染城市调查了细颗粒物（PM2.5）、二氧化氮和黑碳（BC）与这两种癌症之间的关联。一个由11,679名65岁及以上男性参与的队列研究自1996年至1999年进行，一直追踪到2018年。使用土地利用回归模型，在参与者的住址估算出污染物浓度作为时间变量。通过西澳大利亚癌症登记处确定了新发肺癌和膀胱癌的病例。使用Cox比例风险模型（以年龄为时间尺度），校正了吸烟、社会经济地位和共污染物的影响，估计了风险。在校正了单一污染物的模型中，发现肺癌与PM2.5和BC呈正相关。环境空气污染与鳞状细胞肺癌的相关性较弱，但与腺癌无关。虽然与膀胱癌存在正相关，但这种关联并不具有统计学意义。在双污染物模型中，这些关联有所减弱。结果表明，低水平的环境空气污染与老年男性的肺癌和可能的膀胱癌有关，这表明对于空气污染作为一种致癌物质，并没有已知的安全水平。©2023.作者（们）。

Air pollution is a cause of lung cancer and is associated with bladder cancer. However, the relationship between air pollution and these cancers in regions of low pollution is unclear. We investigated associations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide, and black carbon (BC), and both these cancers in a low-pollution city.A cohort of 11,679 men ≥65 years old in Perth (Western Australia) were followed from 1996-1999 until 2018. Pollutant concentrations, as a time-varying variable, were estimated at participants' residential addresses using land use regression models. Incident lung and bladder cancer were identified through the Western Australian Cancer Registry. Risks were estimated using Cox proportional-hazard models (age as the timescale), adjusting for smoking, socioeconomic status, and co-pollutants.Lung cancer was associated with PM2.5 and BC in the adjusted single-pollutant models. A weak positive association was observed between ambient air pollution and squamous cell lung carcinoma but not lung adenocarcinoma. Positive associations were observed with bladder cancer, although these were not statistically significant. Associations were attenuated in two-pollutant models.Low-level ambient air pollution is associated with lung, and possibly bladder, cancer among older men, suggesting there is no known safe level for air pollution as a carcinogen.© 2023. The Author(s).