肠道疾病一直以来对人类健康构成严重威胁，其中包括炎症性肠病（IBD）。IBD是一种自身免疫性疾病，以慢性炎症为特征，包括溃疡性结肠炎（UC）和克罗恩病（CD）。和Th2免疫密切相关的“警报”细胞因子IL-33，是一种具有双重功能（既作为促炎因子又作为转录调节因子）的高效炎症因子。已有研究表明，IL-33在IBD的发生和发展中起着重要作用。因此，本综述着重讨论IBD的发病机制、主要受体细胞类型以及IL-33在先天免疫和适应性免疫中的活性，以及其潜在机制和在IBD中的不一致结论。我们还总结了针对与IL-33相关疾病的不同药物。此外，我们强调了IL-33在胃肠道癌症和寄生虫感染中的作用，为将来IL-33的治疗应用提供了新的前景。

Intestinal diseases have always posed a serious threat to human health, with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) being one of them. IBD is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation, including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The "alarm" cytokine IL-33, which is intimately associated with Th2 immunity, is a highly potent inflammatory factor that is considered to have dual functions-operating as both a pro-inflammatory cytokine and a transcriptional regulator. IL-33 has been shown to play a crucial role in both the onset and development of IBD. Therefore, this review focuses on the pathogenesis of IBD, the major receptor cell types, and the activities of IL-33 in innate and adaptive immunity, as well as its underlying mechanisms and conflicting conclusions in IBD. We have also summarized different medicines targeted to IL-33-associated diseases. Furthermore, we have emphasized the role of IL-33 in gastrointestinal cancer and parasitic infections, giving novel prospective therapeutic utility in the future application of IL-33.