神经内分泌型前列腺癌（NEPC）是一种罕见的新生肿瘤，传统影像学（CI）和正电子发射断层扫描/计算机断层扫描（PET/CT）在其评估中的作用尚未明确评估和证明。本系统综述的目的是分析这些影像学模式在该情境中的诊断性表现。通过对PubMed/MEDLINE、Scopus和Web of Science数据库进行广泛文献搜索，找到与CI和PET/CT在NEPC评估中的角色相关的已发表文章。共有13项研究包括在此系统综述中。很多研究（10项）评估了使用不同放射性药剂的PET/CT成像，而CI只有有限的在NEPC中的角色。关注于PET/CT，有一项研究使用了[18F]FDG，标记生长抑素类似物用于5例病例，一项研究评估了[68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04，[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11在1例病例中进行了评估，还有两项研究使用了不同的示踪剂。关于PET/CT在NEPC评估中的角色的发表数据有限。目前尚不确定哪种示踪剂表现出更好的性能，尽管[18F]FDG已进行了评估并似乎在可用性和临床分期方面具有一定优势，但其他示踪剂可能更有助于理解肿瘤生物学或确定后续放射性配体治疗的靶点。因此，进一步研究是有必要的。相反，数据仍然有限，无法得出关于CI在这种罕见肿瘤形式中的作用和特定特征的最终结论，因此，在此情境中需要进行更多的研究。

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a rare neoplasm, and the role of both conventional imaging (CI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for its assessment has not been clearly evaluated and demonstrated. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the diagnostic performances of these imaging modalities in this setting.A wide literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was made to find relevant published articles about the role of CI and PET/CT for the evaluation of NEPC.13 studies were included in the systematic review. PET/CT imaging with different radiopharmaceuticals has been evaluated in many studies (10) compared to CI (3 studies), which has only a limited role in NEPC. Focusing on PET/CT, a study used [18F]FDG, labeled somatostatin analogs were used in 5 cases, a study used [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04, [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 was evaluated in a single case, and two works used different tracers.Published data on the role of PET/CT for the assessment of NEPC are limited. At present, it is still uncertain which tracer performs best, and although [18F]FDG has been evaluated and seems to offer some advantages in availability and clinical staging, other tracers may be more useful to understand tumor biology or identify targets for subsequent radioligand therapy. Further research is therefore desirable. In contrast, data are still limited to draw a final conclusion on the role and the specific characteristics of CI in this rare form of neoplasm, and therefore, more studies are needed in this setting.