中性粒细胞释放中性粒细胞外陷阱（NETs）以捕获致病微生物。NETs参与炎症反应和细菌杀灭和清除。然而，它们过度激活可能导致体内炎症风暴，可能损害组织并引起器官功能障碍。器官功能障碍是败血症的主要病理生理原因，也是败血症高死亡率的原因之一。败血症引起的急性肺损伤占败血症的器官损伤比例最高。NET形成可导致败血症的发展，因为它通过促进白细胞介素-1β、白细胞介素-8和肿瘤坏死因子α的释放，从而加速急性肺损伤的发展。在本综述中，我们描述了NET在败血症相关的急性肺损伤中的关键作用，并综述了目前的知识和新的治疗方法。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier B.V.发表。

Neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to trap pathogenic microorganisms. NETs are involved in the inflammatory response and bacterial killing and clearance. However, their excessive activation can lead to an inflammatory storm in the body, which may damage tissues and cause organ dysfunction. Organ dysfunction is the main pathophysiological cause of sepsis and also a cause of the high mortality rate in sepsis. Acute lung injury caused by sepsis accounts for the highest proportion of organ damage in sepsis. NET formation can lead to the development of sepsis because by promoting the release of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, thereby accelerating acute lung injury. In this review, we describe the critical role of NETs in sepsis-associated acute lung injury and review the current knowledge and novel therapeutic approaches.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.