微小核糖核酸 (MiRNAs) 是高度保守且小的非编码核糖核酸，负向调节基因表达并影响参与细胞增殖、分化、凋亡和侵袭等重要生物活动的信号通路。由于在癌症发展过程中扮演重要角色，MiRNAs 在过去十年间引起了广泛关注。尤其是，微小核糖核酸-143 (miR-143) 被认为是肿瘤抑制因子，在大多数癌症中下调。然而，miR-143 在罕见情况下，如前列腺癌干细胞中被上调，并起着致癌基因的作用。本综述将概述当前的研究，阐明 miR-143 表达水平对于癌症进展的影响，并讨论其靶基因及其相关的信号通路，以寻找癌症潜在治疗途径。 © 2023 Elsevier GmbH。保留所有权利。

MicroRNAs (MiRNAs), which are highly conserved and small noncoding RNAs, negatively regulate gene expression and influence signaling pathways involved in essential biological activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and cell invasion. MiRNAs have received much attention in the past decade due to their significant roles in cancer development. In particular, microRNA-143 (miR-143) is recognized as a tumor suppressor and is downregulated in most cancers. However, it seems that miR-143 is upregulated in rare cases, such as prostate cancer stem cells, and acts as an oncogene. The present review will outline the current studies illustrating the impact of miR-143 expression levels on cancer progression and discuss its target genes and their relevant signaling pathways to discover a potential therapeutic way for cancer.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.