《康禾（KH） 工艺》是泰国传统医学（TTM）在必备药物国家水平的一种泰国传统药，长期以来一直被临床用于治疗儿童发热和炎症。然而，目前文献中尚未发表过任何有关KH工艺抗炎活性或生物活性化合物的离体或体内研究。为了探索KH工艺及其生物活性化合物的离体和体内抗炎活性，并根据TTM理论分析KH工艺植物成分的风味与民族药理活性之间的关系，在高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析的基础上，研究了KH工艺的生物活性化合物-对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯（EPMC）。使用脂多糖（LPS）诱导小鼠巨噬细胞RAW 264.7中的亚硝酸盐（NO）、前列腺素E2（PGE2）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）产生，考察了乙醇提取物（KHE）、水提取物（KHA）、KHA的酸水解物（KHA-h）、KH粉末的酸水解物（KHP-h）和EPMC 的离体抗炎活性。使用决明胶诱导的大鼠爪水肿和酚丙烯酸乙酯（EPP）诱导的大鼠耳水肿，测定了KH粉和KHE 的体内抗炎活性，并对组织样本中的PGE2产生进行了检查。KHP-h的EPMC含量最高（21.33 ± 1.08 mg/g提取物），抑制PGE2、NO和TNF-α的产生，IC50值分别为11.92 ± 0.21、30.61 ± 3.12和56.71 ± 2.91 μg/mL，其次是KHE和KHA-h，而KHA没有此效果。KH工艺的生物活性化合物EPMC通过三个途径表现出较高的抗炎活性。KHP口服（100 毫克/千克）在1、2和3小时时明显减轻了大鼠爪炎，而KHE（100 毫克/千克）在2和3小时时明显减轻了炎症。KHP（100、200和400 毫克/千克）和KHE（100 毫克/千克）显著抑制了PGE2 的产生。KHP（1% w/v）在30、60和120分钟时显著减轻了大鼠耳肿胀，而KHE在所有浓度下在120分钟时减轻了肿胀。KHP和KHE在所有剂量下均显著抑制了PGE2的产生。清凉风味是KH工艺主要的风味。辛辣的植物成分和一些芳香成分表现出较高的抗炎活性。体内研究结果与离体研究强烈相似。这些发现支持了根据TTM理论合理使用KH工艺治疗儿童发热和炎症的观点。版权所有 © 2023。Elsevier B.V.出版。

Kheaw-Hom (KH) remedy, a Thai traditional medicine (TTM) on the National List of Essential Medicines, has long been clinically used to treat fever and inflammation in children. However, no in vitro or in vivo anti-inflammatory or bioactive compound studies are published in the literature.To explore the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of KH remedy and its bioactive compound and analyze relationships between flavor and ethnopharmacological activities of plant components in KH remedy according to TTM theory.Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC), a bioactive compound of KH remedy was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vitro anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extract (KHE), aqueous extract (KHA), acid-hydrolysis of KHA (KHA-h), acid-hydrolysis of KH powder (KHP-h), and EPMC were investigated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo anti-inflammatory activities of KH powder (KHP) and KHE were determined using carrageenan-induced paw edema and ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP)-induced ear edema in rats and PGE2 production in tissue samples was examined.KHP-h showed the highest EPMC content (21.33 ± 1.08 mg/g of extract) and inhibited PGE2, NO, and TNF-α production with IC50 values of 11.92 ± 0.21, 30.61 ± 3.12, and 56.71 ± 2.91 μg/mL, respectively, followed by KHE and KHA-h while KHA did not. EPMC, a bioactive compound of KH remedy showed high anti-inflammatory activities through three pathways. KHP oral administration (100 mg/kg) significantly minimized rat paw inflammation at 1, 2, and 3 h while KHE (100 mg/kg) noticeably reduced at 2 and 3 h. KHP (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and KHE (100 mg/kg) significantly inhibited PGE2 production. KHP (1% w/v) notably reduced rat ear edema at 30, 60, and 120 min whereas KHE at all concentrations decreased swelling at 120 min. KHP and KHE at all doses significantly inhibited PGE2 production. Cool flavor was the main KH remedy flavor. Spicy plant components and some fragrant components showed high anti-inflammatory activity.Results from the in vivo study strongly paralleled the in vitro study. These findings support the rational use of KH remedy according to TTM theory for fever treatment and inflammation in children.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.