膳食纤维对宿主健康产生广泛的生物学益处，不仅为肠道微生物提供强大的营养来源，而且提供直接影响宿主健康的关键微生物代谢物。本综述主要关注膳食纤维的降解和代谢以及膳食纤维发酵中的必需属拟杆菌和双歧杆菌。膳食纤维通过影响与肥胖、肠炎、免疫健康、癌症和神经退行性疾病相关的结果，在宿主健康方面扮演着重要角色。此外，还讨论了膳食纤维以肠道微生物无关途径影响宿主健康的情况。个体化的膳食纤维摄入结合菌群、基因、表观遗传、生活方式和其他因素已被强调作为未来发展的重点。需要更高水平的证据来证明哪种膳食纤维有益于哪种微生物表型。对肠道微生物和膳食纤维之间相关性的深入了解为精确应用膳食纤维提供了强有力的理论支持，阐明了膳食与宿主健康之间的因果关系。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。

Dietary fiber exerts a wide range of biological benefits on host health, which not only provides a powerful source of nutrition for gut microbiota but also supplies key microbial metabolites that directly affect host health. This review mainly focuses on the decomposition and metabolism of dietary fiber and the essential genera Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium in dietary fiber fermentation. Dietary fiber plays an essential role in host health by impacting outcomes related to obesity, enteritis, immune health, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, the gut microbiota-independent pathway of dietary fiber affecting host health is also discussed. Personalized dietary fiber intake combined with microbiome, genetics, epigenetics, lifestyle and other factors has been highlighted for development in the future. A higher level of evidence is needed to demonstrate which microbial phenotype benefits from which kind of dietary fiber. In-depth insights into the correlation between gut microbiota and dietary fiber provide strong theoretical support for the precise application of dietary fiber, which elucidates a dietary causal relationship with host health.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.