由于髓样甲状腺癌（MTC）的罕见性和非特异性临床表现，精确诊断和最佳治疗策略仍然具有挑战性。分子成像为早期疾病检测、监测治疗反应和指导个体化治疗提供了宝贵的工具。通过可视化分子和细胞过程，这些技术有助于更深入地理解疾病机制并开发更有效的临床干预手段。已经研究了多种核成像技术用于评估MTC，在其中，利用多种放射示踪剂的PET/CT成像方法已成为临床实践中最有效的成像方法。本综述旨在全面概述目前先进分子成像模式的使用，特别关注PET/CT，在MTC患者管理中的应用。它旨在指导医生对使用分子成像进行理性决策，包括治疗诊断以及新的治疗机会。总体上，我们强调核医学在MTC中的不断发展作用。通过体内分子成像整合诊断和治疗代表了个体化治疗的重要机会，以靶向放射性核素治疗为代表。© 2023. 作者独家许可Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Due to its rarity and non-specific clinical presentation, accurate diagnosis, and optimal therapeutic strategy of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) remain challenging. Molecular imaging provides valuable tools for early disease detection, monitoring treatment response, and guiding personalized therapies. By enabling the visualization of molecular and cellular processes, these techniques contribute to a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms and the development of more effective clinical interventions. Different nuclear imaging techniques have been studied for assessing MTC, and among them, PET/CT utilizing multiple radiotracers has emerged as the most effective imaging method in clinical practice. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current use of advanced molecular imaging modalities, with a particular focus on PET/CT, for the management of patients with MTC. It aims to guide physicians towards a rationale for the use of molecular imaging also including theranostic approaches and novel therapeutical opportunities. Overall, we emphasize the evolving role of nuclear medicine in MTC. The integration of diagnostics and therapeutics by in vivo molecular imaging represents a major opportunity to personalize treatment for individual patients, with targeted radionuclide therapy being one representative example.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.