全球大约有3800万人生活在人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）患者，并且患有多种癌症的风险较高。人类免疫缺陷病毒（PLWH）患者的癌症风险主要受到致癌物暴露的影响，其中最明显的是通过共享传播途径获得的致癌病毒，再加上HIV相关免疫抑制加速病毒致癌过程。在广泛应用抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）的时代，PLWH的预期寿命已经增加，癌症现在成为并发症和死亡的主要原因之一。此外，在PLWH中发生的癌症类型随时间的推移而变化，并且在世界各地的相对负担也不同。在这种背景下，国际癌症研究机构（IARC）和美国国家癌症研究所（NCI）于2022年9月召集了一次多国和多学科专家会议，重点关注PLWH中的癌症问题。本报告总结了会议的进展情况，包括癌症描述性流行病学、病因学、分子肿瘤特征、一级和二级预防、治疗不平等以及全球范围内PLWH的存活情况的综述。还提供了在这些领域的关键研究优先事项和建议的共识。© 2023 International Agency for Research on Cancer 和作者；UICC和作者的授权。国际癌症杂志由John Wiley & Sons Ltd代表UICC出版。本文由美国政府员工提供，其作品在美国属于公共领域。

An estimated 38 million people live with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide and are at excess risk for multiple cancer types. Elevated cancer risks in people living with HIV (PLWH) are driven primarily by increased exposure to carcinogens, most notably oncogenic viruses acquired through shared transmission routes, plus acceleration of viral carcinogenesis by HIV-related immunosuppression. In the era of widespread antiretroviral therapy (ART), life expectancy of PLWH has increased, with cancer now a leading cause of co-morbidity and death. Furthermore, the types of cancers occurring among PLWH are shifting over time and vary in their relative burden in different parts of the world. In this context, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) convened a meeting in September 2022 of multinational and multidisciplinary experts to focus on cancer in PLWH. This report summarizes the proceedings, including a review of the state of the science of cancer descriptive epidemiology, etiology, molecular tumor characterization, primary and secondary prevention, treatment disparities and survival in PLWH around the world. A consensus of key research priorities and recommendations in these domains is also presented.© 2023 International Agency for Research on Cancer and The Authors; licensed by UICC and The Authors. International Journal of Cancer published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of UICC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.