在本研究中，我们首次报道了一种无标记、高效的免疫传感器，采用了纳米结构的二硫化钼纳米片@还原氧化石墨烯（nMoS2 NS@rGO）纳米混合物界面，用于测定精子蛋白17（Sp17），一种新兴的癌症生物标志物。我们使用一步水热法合成了nMoS2 NS@rGO纳米混合物，然后将其功能化为3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（APTES）。此外，我们利用1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺（EDC-NHS）偶联化学方法，将抗Sp17单克隆抗体共价连接到APTES/nMoS2 NS@rGO/氧化铟锡（ITO）电极上。牛血清白蛋白（BSA）用于阻断抗Sp17/APTES/nMoS2 NS@rGO/ITO生物电极上的非特异性结合区域。通过透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜与能量散射X射线（EDX）成分研究、原子力显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和拉曼光谱研究了合成纳米混合物和修饰电极的形态和结构特征。Sp17抗原与BSA/抗Sp17/APTES/nMoS2 NS@rGO/ITO感测生物电极表面上的抗Sp17抗体之间的免疫反应被应用作为检测技术的基础，该技术测量电催化电流和阻抗响应变化。设计的BSA/抗Sp17/APTES/nMoS2 NS@rGO/ITO生物电极在响应研究中显示出改进的安培计和阻抗计生物传感性能，包括显著的灵敏度（23.2 μA ng-1mL cm-2和0.48 kΩ mL ng-1 cm-2），更广泛的线性范围（0.05-8和1-8 ng mL-1），较低的检测限（0.13和0.23 ng mL-1）以及20分钟的快速响应时间。该生物传感器展示了令人印象深刻的储存耐久性，持续7周，并在酶联免疫吸附测定方法下，在癌症患者血清样本中显示出鉴定Sp17的显著精度。

In the present investigation, we reported a label-free and highly effective immunosensor for the first time employing a nanostructured molybdenum disulfide nanosheets@reduced graphene oxide (nMoS2 NS@rGO) nanohybrid interface for the determination of sperm protein 17 (Sp17), an emerging cancer biomarker. We synthesized the nMoS2 NS@rGO nanohybrid using a one-step hydrothermal technique and then functionalized it with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). Furthermore, the anti-Sp17 monoclonal antibodies were covalently attached to the APTES/nMoS2 NS@rGO/indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode utilizing 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide-N-hydroxy succinimide (EDC-NHS) coupling chemistry. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was then used to block nonspecific binding regions on the anti-Sp17/APTES/nMoS2 NS@rGO/ITO bioelectrode. The morphological and structural features of the synthesized nanohybrid and the modified electrodes were studied using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) composition studies, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The immunoreaction between the Sp17 antigen and anti-Sp17 antibodies on the surface of the BSA/anti-Sp17/APTES/nMoS2 NS@rGO/ITO sensing bioelectrode was applied as the basis for the detection technique, which measured the electrocatalytic current and impedimetric response change. The designed BSA/anti-Sp17/APTES/nMoS2 NS@rGO/ITO bioelectrode showed improved amperometric and impedimetric biosensing performance in the response studies, including remarkable sensitivity (23.2 μA ng-1mL cm-2 and 0.48 kΩ mL ng-1 cm-2), wider linearity (0.05-8 and 1-8 ng mL-1), an excellent lower detection limit (0.13 and 0.23 ng mL-1), and a rapid response time of 20 min. The biosensor exhibited impressive storage durability lasting 7 weeks and showed remarkable precision in identifying Sp17 in serum samples from cancer patients, as confirmed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.