骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）作为自我更新的多能性基质细胞，在癌症治疗方面被视为有前途的治疗药物。大量的研究已经证明了基于MSC的治疗的有价值特性，如低免疫原性和固有的对肿瘤的趋化性。为了增强MSC在治疗目的上的效力，利用基因工程为MSC赋予靶向传递功能是非常有益的。经过基因工程改造的MSC能够表达肿瘤抑制因子，如促凋亡、抗增殖、抗血管生成因子，成为理想的传递载体。MSC还可以携带纳米粒子药物，以增强疗效和外部调控的靶向性。此外，MSC释放的外泌体具有重要生理特性，因此它们可以促进细胞间通讯，并将载荷输送到靶向肿瘤细胞。基因改造MSC在肿瘤环境中的精确作用仍然存在争议，但临床试验的开始已经通过对一系列恶性肿瘤的MSC基因治疗的临床前研究的有前途的结果得到证实。本综述重点介绍了工程/纳米工程技术和MSC来源外泌体在肿瘤靶向治疗方面的先进技术。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS 发表。

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as self-renewing multipotent stromal cells, have been considered promising agents for cancer treatment. A large number of studies have demonstrated the valuable properties of MSC-based treatment, such as low immunogenicity and intrinsic tumor-trophic migratory properties. To enhance the potency of MSCs for therapeutic purposes, equipping MSCs with targeted delivery functions using genetic engineering is highly beneficial. Genetically engineered MSCs can express tumor suppressor agents such as pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic factors and act as ideal delivery vehicles. MSCs can also be loaded with nanoparticle drugs for increased efficacy and externally moderated targeting. Moreover, exosomes secreted by MSCs have important physiological properties, so they can contribute to intercellular communication and transfer cargo into targeted tumor cells. The precise role of genetically modified MSCs in tumor environments is still up for debate, but the beginning of clinical trials has been confirmed by promising results from preclinical investigations of MSC-based gene therapy for a wide range of malignancies. This review highlights the advanced techniques of engineering/nano-engineering and MSC-derived exosomes in tumor-targeted therapy.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.