炎症过程有助于保护机体免受细菌或病毒入侵等潜在威胁。然而，当这种炎症过程变得长期持续时，可能会导致突触功能障碍和神经细胞死亡。特别是持续高水平的C-反应蛋白（CRP）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）与认知功能缺陷和数种精神障碍有关。高级认知过程，如流体智力（Gf），被认为特别容易受到持续性炎症的影响。本研究调查了CRP和TNF-α的升高与执行Gf的神经振荡动力学之间的关系。 共计70名年龄在20-66岁之间的成年人（平均年龄=45.17岁，标准差=16.29，21.4%女性）完成了一个探测Gf的抽象推理任务，并提供了一个血样进行炎症标志物分析。采用超导量子干涉仪（MEG）记录了任务期间的脑电数据，并对每个个体的血浆CRP和TNF-α浓度进行了整脑回归分析，控制了年龄、BMI和教育变量的影响。 结果显示，CRP和TNF-α水平与特定脑区振荡反应呈显著相关。特别是，升高的CRP浓度与右侧额下沟和右侧小脑的γ活动减弱相关。相反，升高的TNF-α水平与左前扣带回和左中颞叶的α/β振荡以及左顶内沟的γ活动递增相关。 结论是，升高的炎性标志物，如CRP和TNF-α，与与Gf有关的脑区异常振荡相关。将炎性标志物与脑区振荡联系起来可能有助于识别认知和精神障碍的机制。 版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier Inc. 发表。

Inflammatory processes help protect the body from potential threats such as bacterial or viral invasions. However, when such inflammatory processes become chronically engaged, synaptic impairments and neuronal cell death may occur. In particular, persistently high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) have been linked to deficits in cognition and several psychiatric disorders. Higher-order cognitive processes such as fluid intelligence (Gf) are thought to be particularly vulnerable to persistent inflammation. Herein, we investigated the relationship between elevated CRP and TNF-α and the neural oscillatory dynamics serving Gf.Seventy adults between the ages of 20-66 years (Mean = 45.17 years, SD = 16.29, 21.4% female) completed an abstract reasoning task that probes Gf during magnetoencephalography (MEG) and provided a blood sample for inflammatory marker analysis. MEG data were imaged in the time-frequency domain, and whole-brain regressions were conducted using each individual's plasma CRP and TNF-α concentrations per oscillatory response, controlling for age, BMI, and education.CRP and TNF-α levels were significantly associated with region-specific neural oscillatory responses. In particular, elevated CRP concentrations were associated with blunted gamma activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus and right cerebellum. In contrast, elevated TNF-α levels scaled with alpha/beta oscillations in the left anterior cingulate and left middle temporal, and gamma activity in the left intraparietal sulcus.Elevated inflammatory markers such as CRP and TNF-α were associated with aberrant neural oscillations in regions important for Gf. Linking inflammatory markers with regional neural oscillations may hold promise in identifying mechanisms of cognitive and psychiatric disorders.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.