自1805年Sertürner分离吗啡以来，吗啡烷生物碱一直受到持续关注。然而，在文献中也能找到一个由45种具有完整ent-吗啡烷骨架的化合物组成的分类。这些化合物与吗啡蒽酮亚群相关，并显示出不同于吗啡烷的取代模式。特别地，这些生物碱可以在C-2和C-8位点被羟基或者甲氧基取代。可以提出四个ent-吗啡烷生物碱分类，即salutaridine、pallidine、cephasugine和erromangine系列生物碱。有趣的是，与吗啡烷相比，ent-吗啡烷的植物分布更广泛，包括番荔枝科、小檗科、大戟科、炔菜科、飞蓬科、樟科、防己科、豆科、罂粟科和毛茛科等家族。迄今为止，关于它们的确切产生方式仍然不清楚，以及它们与其他类别的苯基四氢异喹啉生物碱（尤其是阿波吡啶）的生物合成途径的相互作用需要进一步确认。探索这些化合物在生物学和治疗潜力方面的研究仅限于中枢神经系统（CNS）、炎症、癌症、疟疾和病毒方面的一些领域。未来应进行进一步的研究以确定细胞/分子靶点，以促进这些化合物作为新型化学药物的骨架。版权所有©2023 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。

Morphinan alkaloids have attracted constant attention since the isolation of morphine by Sertürner in 1805. However, a group of 45 compounds possessing a complete ent-morphinan backbone can also be found in the literature. These compounds are related to the morphinandienone subgroup and display a substitution pattern which is different from the morphinans. In particular, these alkaloids could be substituted at position C-2 and C-8 either by a hydroxy function or a methoxy moiety. Four groups of ent-morphinan alkaloids can be proposed, the salutaridine, pallidine, cephasugine and erromangine series. Interestingly, the botanical distribution of the ent-morphinans is more widespread than for the morphinans and includes the Annonaceae, Berberidaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fumariaceae, Hernandiaceae, Lauraceae, Menispermaceae, Monimiaceae, Papaveraceae, and Ranunculaceae families. To date, their exact mode of production remains elusive and their interplay with the biosynthetic pathway of other classes of benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids, in particular aporphines, should be confirmed. Exploration of the biological and therapeutic potential of these compounds is limited to some areas, namely central nervous system (CNS), inflammation, cancer, malaria and viruses. Further studies should be conducted to identify the cellular/molecular targets in view of promoting these compounds as new scaffolds in medicinal chemistry.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.