本综述总结了体外培养人皮肤片段模型（HSE）在皮肤研究中的新应用。在过去十年里，出现了许多创新，并在各个领域的应用中记录了大量研究，例如：过程培养工程、干细胞提取方法学，以及生理和病理条件下的细胞间和细胞-基质相互作用研究、伤口愈合和炎症。大多数研究还涉及药理学、化妆品学和光生物学。然而，这些主题将不在我们的综述中考虑。 对于驱动细胞间关系的机制有了更好的理解，这反过来改善了细胞培养技术。许多论文集中讨论体外维持HSE的生理方式。通过分析所需的机械应力、细胞间和细胞-基质相互作用，可以在培养中维持和长时间使用HSE，达到15天，无论从一个实验室到另一个实验室的研究方案差异有多大，也与设定的目标相符。由于其与新鲜皮肤的相似性，HSE越来越多地被用于研究皮肤屏障修复和伤口愈合生理学。这个模型在共培养中易于使用，有助于更好地理解周围神经系统、皮肤和免疫系统之间的联系和相互作用。这篇文章所揭示的整合神经-免疫-皮肤系统的概念发展，代表了HSE体外培养领域中的一个新技术挑战。文献综述还揭示了在病理学中使用这种模型的重要性。作为干细胞的来源，HSE是发展新的组织工程模型（如器官样体和光学清晰组织技术）的基础。重要的交叉问题在表格中总结。 本研究的目的是描述通过体外培养和维持HSE的技术发展揭示出的细胞间相互作用的主要进展，并详细说明这些发现所开创的新应用领域。 S. Karger AG，巴塞尔。

This review summarizes new applications for dermatological research of in vitro culture models of human skin explants (HSE). In the last decade, many innovations have appeared and an exponential number of studies have been recorded in various fields of application such as: process culture engineering, stem cell extractions methodology or cell-to-cell interaction studies in physiological and pathological conditions, wound-healing and inflammation. Most studies also concerned pharmacology, cosmetology, and photobiology. However, these topics will not be considered in our review.A better understanding of the mechanisms driving intercellular relationships, at work in the maintenance of 3D tissue architectures has led to the improvement of cell culture techniques. Many papers have focused on the physiological ways that govern in vitro tissue maintenance of HSEs. The analysis of the necessary mechanical stress, intercellular and cell-matrix interactions, allows the maintenance and prolonged use of HSEs in culture for up to 15 days, regardless of the great variability of study protocols from one laboratory to another and in accordance with the objectives set. Because of their close similarities to fresh skin, HSEs are increasingly used to study skin barrier repair and wound healing physiology. Easy to use in co-culture, this model allows a better understanding of the connections and interactions between the peripheral nervous system, the skin and the immune system. The development of the concept of an integrated neuro-immuno-cutaneous system at work in skin physiology and pathology highlighted by this article represents one of the new technical challenges in the field of in vitro culture of HSE. This review of the literature also reveals the importance of using such models in pathology. As sources of stem cells, HSEs are the basis for the development of new tissue engineering models such as organoids or optical clearing tissues technology. The important cross-cutting questions are summarized in a Table.The aims of this work is to describe the main advances in the understanding of inter-cellular interactions allowed by the development of techniques for culturing and maintaining HSE in vitro and to detail the new fields of application opened up by these discoveries.S. Karger AG, Basel.