免疫反应功能障碍被认为是神经系统疾病的显著特征，其中包括神经退行性疾病、恶性肿瘤、急性神经创伤和脑缺血/出血性疾病。血小板在正常止血和血栓形成中起着基本作用。除了这些正常功能外，血小板在中枢神经系统（CNS）的炎症和免疫反应中具有超活化和关键作用。线粒体是血小板中关键的细胞器，负责产生大部分用于血小板激活和聚集（凝块）的三磷酸腺苷（ATP）。值得注意的是，在炎症/氧化刺激加剧时，血小板线粒体显示出明显的形态和功能改变。线粒体功能障碍不仅导致血小板损伤和凋亡，还进一步加重免疫反应。改善线粒体功能有望成为治疗神经系统疾病的有效策略。本综述中，作者探讨了血小板源线粒体（PLT-mitos）在神经系统疾病中的免疫调节作用，并总结了血小板线粒体移植的神经保护效果。Copyright © 2023 Ma, Jiang, Yang, Hu, Shen, Shen and Xu.

Dysfunction of the immune response is regarded as a prominent feature of neurological diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, malignant tumors, acute neurotraumatic insult, and cerebral ischemic/hemorrhagic diseases. Platelets play a fundamental role in normal hemostasis and thrombosis. Beyond those normal functions, platelets are hyperactivated and contribute crucially to inflammation and immune responses in the central nervous system (CNS). Mitochondria are pivotal organelles in platelets and are responsible for generating most of the ATP that is used for platelet activation and aggregation (clumping). Notably, platelet mitochondria show marked morphological and functional alterations under heightened inflammatory/oxidative stimulation. Mitochondrial dysfunction not only leads to platelet damage and apoptosis but also further aggravates immune responses. Improving mitochondrial function is hopefully an effective strategy for treating neurological diseases. In this review, the authors discuss the immunomodulatory roles of platelet-derived mitochondria (PLT-mitos) in neurological diseases and summarize the neuroprotective effects of platelet mitochondria transplantation.Copyright © 2023 Ma, Jiang, Yang, Hu, Shen, Shen and Xu.