DNA甲基化的改变在癌症的发展和进展中起着重要作用。膳食营养和生活方式行为可以影响DNA甲基化模式，从而调节癌症风险。本文旨在全面回顾现有证据，探讨膳食和生活方式因素如何通过表观遗传机制影响DNA甲基化，并为癌症发生提供贡献。我们使用PubMed进行文献检索，以确定2005年至2022年间发表的相关研究，这些研究考察了膳食/生活方式因素与癌症中DNA甲基化之间的关系。包括研究涉及膳食成分（例如，微量营养素、植物化合物）、体力活动、吸烟和肥胖等因素对动物和人患癌模型中全局和基因特异性DNA甲基化变化的影响。我们提取了特定膳食/生活方式暴露、癌症类型、DNA甲基化靶位点和潜在机制的数据。研究发现，多种膳食和生活方式因素通过影响DNA甲基转移酶活性、甲基供体的可用性和氧化应激的产生来影响DNA甲基化模式。特定基因的甲基化改变被与细胞增殖、凋亡和炎症调控相关联，进而导致癌症的发展和进展。通过调节DNA甲基化的膳食和生活方式干预，具有潜在的癌症预防和治疗效应。需要进一步研究以确定营养和基于生活方式的表观遗传治疗的可操作目标。© 2023作者.

Alterations in DNA methylation play an important role in cancer development and progression. Dietary nutrients and lifestyle behaviors can influence DNA methylation patterns and thereby modulate cancer risk.To comprehensively review available evidence on how dietary and lifestyle factors impact DNA methylation and contribute to carcinogenesis through epigenetic mechanisms.A literature search was conducted using PubMed to identify relevant studies published between 2005 and 2022 that examined relationships between dietary/lifestyle factors and DNA methylation in cancer. Studies investigating the effects of dietary components (eg, micronutrients, phytochemicals), physical activity, smoking, and obesity on global and gene-specific DNA methylation changes in animal and human cancer models were included. Data on specific dietary/lifestyle exposures, cancer types, DNA methylation targets and underlying mechanisms were extracted.Multiple dietary and lifestyle factors were found to influence DNA methylation patterns through effects on DNA methyltransferase activity, methyl donor availability, and generation of oxidative stress. Altered methylation of specific genes regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation were linked to cancer development and progression.Dietary and lifestyle interventions aimed at modulating DNA methylation have potential for both cancer prevention and treatment through epigenetic mechanisms. Further research is needed to identify actionable targets for nutrition and lifestyle-based epigenetic therapies.© The Author(s) 2023.