《患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）》被广泛用于衡量抑郁症状的严重程度和筛选抑郁症，但其测量不变性研究还未受到足够的注意。本研究旨在评估《PHQ-9》在不同社会人口学和医疗状况群体之间的测量不变性。此外，还评估了《PHQ-9》的结构效度和内部一致性，作为测量不变性的前提属性。本研究使用韩国国家健康和营养调查的数据进行。纳入的参与者包括5,347人，年龄大于19岁。进行了探索性图分析（EGA）和验证性因子分析（CFA），以确定结构效度，并使用ω系数来确定内部一致性。使用多组验证性因子分析（MGCFA）评估了测量不变性（构型、度量和标量不变性）。PHQ-9的单一结构模型经过EGA验证，拟合指数为χ2 = 770.765 (p < 0.001), CFI = 0.944, SRMR = 0.040, 和RMSEA = 0.076 (90% CI = 0.072-0.081)。PHQ-9的ω为0.812，显示出良好的内部一致性。一因子的PHQ-9在年龄组之间具有相同的整体结构、因子载荷和项目拦截，这表明年龄组之间具有不变性。在性别和婚姻状况组中展示了部分标量不变性。在教育水平组中支持部分度量和标量不变性。在所有医疗状况组（高血压、糖尿病、癌症、关节炎、哮喘和心脏病）中支持标量不变性。总的来说，一因子的PHQ-9在社会人口学和医疗状况群体中具有测量不变性的实证支持。在研究和实践中，可以可靠地使用PHQ-9来比较这些群体的抑郁症状的严重程度。版权所有 © 2023 Lee, Kang, Kang 和 Lee。

The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is widely used to measure the severity of depressive symptoms and to screen for depressive disorder, but its measurement invariance has received little research attention. The aim of this study was to assess the measurement invariance of the PHQ-9 across various sociodemographic and medical-condition groups. The structural validity and internal consistency of the PHQ-9 were also assessed as the prerequisite properties for measurement invariance. This study was conducted using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The included participants comprised 5,347 people older than 19 years. Exploratory graph analysis (EGA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to determine structural validity, and the omega coefficient (ω) was used to determine internal consistency. Measurement invariance (configural, metric, and scalar invariance) was evaluated using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA). The single structural model of the PHQ-9 that was validated by EGA was also satisfactory with fit indices of χ2 = 770.765 (p < 0.001), CFI = 0.944, SRMR = 0.040, and RMSEA = 0.076 (90% CI = 0.072-0.081). The ω of the PHQ-9 was 0.812, implying satisfactory internal consistency. The one-factor PHQ-9 had equivalent overall structure, factor loadings, and item intercepts across age groups, suggesting invariance across ages. Partial scalar invariance was demonstrated across sex and marital-status groups. Partial metric and scalar invariance were supported across education groups. Scalar invariance was supported among all of the medical-condition (hypertension, diabetes, cancer, arthritis, asthma, and heart disease) groups. Overall, the measurement invariance of the one-factor PHQ-9 was empirically supported across sociodemographic and medical-condition groups. The PHQ-9 can be reliably used to compare the severity of depressive symptoms across these groups in research and practice.Copyright © 2023 Lee, Kang, Kang and Lee.